FirePhysChem,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
3(2), С. 158 - 163
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2022
Cocrystal
of
2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/1-methyl-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole
(CL-20/MTNP)
in
a
1:1
molar
ratio
is
promising
energetic
material,
since
it
combines
the
superior
detonation
performance
CL-20
and
good
mechanical
sensitivity
MTNP.
In
order
to
promote
its
progress
practical
use,
rapid,
facile
candidate
large-scale
manufacture
method-spray
drying
was
used
prepare
CL-20/MTNP
cocrystal
this
study.
The
morphology,
crystal
structure
thermodynamic
behavior
resulted
CL-20/MTNP-SD
cocrystal,
raw
materials
prepared
via
solvent
evaporation
method
(CL-20/MTNP-E)
were
systematically
studied
by
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM),
X-ray
diffraction
spectroscopy
(XRD)
differential
calorimetry
(DSC),
respectively.
shows
regular
spherical
shape
with
diameter
narrowly
distributed
from
0.2
µm
2
µm.
This
morphology
different
rod-like
CL-20/MTNP-E
cocrystal.
thermal
similar
totally
materials.
Additionally,
initiation
temperature
activation
energy
for
decomposition
are
slightly
lower
than
short
pulse
slapper
cocrystals
have
been
investigated.
spray
endows
ability
being
initiated
short-duration
impulse.
And
impact
initiating
threshold
even
commonly
explosive
2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene
(HNS).
result
evokes
prospective
application
as
an
impulse
shockwave.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(4), С. 1161 - 1161
Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2023
Active
pharmaceutical
ingredients
(API)
with
unfavorable
physicochemical
properties
and
stability
present
a
significant
challenge
during
their
processing
into
final
dosage
forms.
Cocrystallization
of
such
APIs
suitable
coformers
is
an
efficient
approach
to
mitigate
the
solubility
concerns.
A
considerable
number
cocrystal-based
products
are
currently
being
marketed
show
upward
trend.
However,
improve
API
by
cocrystallization,
coformer
selection
plays
paramount
role.
Selection
not
only
improves
drug's
but
also
therapeutic
effectiveness
reduces
side
effects.
Numerous
have
been
used
till
date
prepare
pharmaceutically
acceptable
cocrystals.
The
carboxylic
acid-based
coformers,
as
fumaric
acid,
oxalic
succinic
citric
most
commonly
in
products.
Carboxylic
capable
forming
hydrogen
bond
contain
smaller
carbon
chain
APIs.
This
review
summarizes
role
improving
APIs,
deeply
explains
utility
afore-mentioned
cocrystal
formation.
concludes
brief
discussion
on
patentability
regulatory
issues
related
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
60(10), С. 5497 - 5504
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2020
Abstract
Many
energetic
materials
synthesized
to
date
have
limited
applications
because
of
low
thermal
and/or
mechanical
stability.
This
limitation
can
be
overcome
by
introducing
structural
modifications
such
as
a
bridging
group.
In
this
study,
series
1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐bridged
furazans
was
prepared.
Their
structures
were
confirmed
1
H
and
13
C
NMR,
infrared,
elemental,
X‐ray
crystallographic
analyses.
The
stability,
friction
sensitivity,
impact
detonation
velocity,
pressure
evaluated.
hydroxylammonium
salt
8
has
an
excellent
performance
(
D
=9101
m
s
−1
,
P
=37.9
GPa)
insensitive
properties
(IS=17.4
J,
FS=330
N),
which
show
its
great
potential
high‐performance
explosive.
Using
quantum
computation
crystal
structure
analysis,
the
effect
introduction
1,3,4‐oxadiazole
moiety
on
molecular
reactivity
difference
between
sensitivities
stabilities
mono‐
bis‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole
bridges
are
considered.
synthetic
method
for
systematic
study
compounds
provide
theoretical
basis
future
energetics
design.
Crystal Growth & Design,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
20(3), С. 2106 - 2114
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2020
Structure–performance
investigation
has
become
one
of
those
significant
trends
for
energetic
materials
and
crystallography
inevitably.
Herein,
we
report
two
new
deriving
from
a
famous
thermally
stable
explosive
benzopyridotetraazapentalene,
which
was
first
developed
by
Huynh
Hiskey,
et
al.,
at
Los
Alamos
National
Laboratory.
Owing
to
the
incorporation
amino
groups,
these
exhibit
different
amusing
physical
performance.
Understanding
their
structures,
properties,
performances,
relationship
among
them
is
basis
rational
design
materials.
Moreover,
conjugated
systems,
density
overlap
regions
indicator
analysis
also
employed
necessarily
visualizing
quantifying
covalent
noncovalent
interactions.
It
evident
that
this
strategy
incorporating
groups
into
increased
coplanarity
fused
ring,
owing
contribution
hydrogen
bonding
π–π
interactions,
can
further
decrease
sensitivity.
However,
found
integrity
intramolecular
-bonding
interaction
critical
factor,
affected
thermal
stability
molecules
with
inserting
progressively.
notable
diamino-substituted
compound
8
exhibits
comparable
(320
°C)
HNS,
more
dense
(d:
1.84
g
cm–3),
higher
nitrogen
content
(37.43%),
lower
sensitivity
(impact
sensitivity:
12
J,
friction
>
360
N),
superior
HNS.
These
discoveries
effectively
assist
preparation
other
promising
toward
future
high-performing
energy
applications.
Crystal Growth & Design,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(17), С. 7361 - 7388
Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024
In
2011,
cocrystallization
of
energetic
materials
became
a
hot
topic
and
pathway
to
overcome
the
energy−safety
contradiction;
especially
for
commercially
attractive
nitramines,
it
first
preference
researchers.
The
present
review
focuses
on
energetic−energetic
four
CL20,
HMX,
BCHMX,
RDX,
structural
aspects
these
cocrystals,
their
influence
thermochemical
detonation
properties.
Cocrystallization
has
proven
be
crystal
engineering
technique
achieve
safety
morphological
suitability
cocrystals
(EECCs).
Overall,
in
most
cases,
impact
sensitivities
EECCs
are
decreased,
this
is
phenomenal
change;
however,
needed
adjust
with
properties
slightly,
negligible
if
coformer
(EMs)
properly
chosen.
There
other
notable
variations
morphologies
packing
crystals,
including
key
such
as
relatively
high
density
melting
point.
These
changes
occur
due
binding
energy,
trigger
bond
length,
cohesive
energy
during
cocrystallization.
Researchers
highly
focused
nitramines;
earlier
reported
methods
lacking
selectivity
scalability.
When
comes
adoption
industrial
scale
production
EECCs,
more
difficult.
We
conducted
thorough
literature
survey.
Also
we
discussed
about
recently
developed
VPSZ
coagglomeration
method,
which
provides
huge
opportunity
tune
performance
existing
easy
up
level.
Crystal Growth & Design,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
20(6), С. 3826 - 3833
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2020
A
new
1:3
CL-20
(2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane)/4,5-MDNI
(1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole)
cocrystal
(1)
in
combination
with
the
previously
reported
1:1
CL-20/4,5-MDNI
(2)
together
have
been
first
realized
different
stoichiometric
ratios
based
on
and
4,5-MDNI
energetic–energetic
cocrystals.
Subtle
differences
intermolecular
interactions
packing
motifs
may
lead
to
formations
of
cocrystals
1
2
by
structure
comparisons.
Moreover,
properties
(e.g.,
density,
thermal
properties,
sensitivity,
detonation
performances)
varied
significantly
under
crystal
structures.
For
instance,
comprehensive
performances
(ρ:
1.813
g/cm3;
D:
8604
m/s,
P:
34.45
GPa;
IS:
16
J)
were
less
excellent
than
those
2,
whereas
exhibited
a
velocity
superior
that
LLM-105
(2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-l-oxide,
relatively
insensitive
explosive)
low
impact
sensitivity
close
LLM-105;
thus,
act
as
high-energy
explosive.
findings
offer
insights
into
design
preparation
energetic
other
cocrystals,
enrich
better
understanding
for
provide
smart
strategy
tune
performances.
Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science Crystal Engineering and Materials,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
76(4), С. 696 - 706
Опубликована: Июль 21, 2020
Based
on
the
review
of
literature
results
database
fusion
temperatures
two-component
molecular
crystals
(1947
co-crystals)
and
individual
components
thereof
was
built
up.
To
improve
design
co-crystals
with
predictable
melting
temperatures,
correlation
equations
connecting
points
were
deduced.
These
correlations
discovered
for
18
different
stoichiometric
compositions.
The
coefficients
analysed,
conclusions
about
main/determinative
slave
a
co-crystal
made.
comparative
analysis
composed
from
same
but
stoichiometry
showed
temperature
growth
when
increasing
content
high-melting
component.
differences
in
determined
discussed
following:
(a)
monotropic
polymorphic
forms,
(b)
composition
stoichiometry,
(c)
based
racemates
enantiomers.
revealed
active
pharmaceutical
ingredients
(APIs)
co-formers
(CFs)
more
particularly
used
design.
approach
an
efficacy
parameter
allowing
prediction
lower
than
those
compounds
developed.
Crystal Growth & Design,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
22(4), С. 2158 - 2167
Опубликована: Март 10, 2022
All-carbon-nitrated
azoles
have
the
advantages
of
high
density
and
good
oxygen
balance,
but
they
are
rarely
suitable
for
explosives
applications
due
to
their
fatal
deficiencies,
such
as
poor
thermal
stability,
sensitivity,
deliquescence.
Cocrystallization
technology
provides
a
feasible
idea
revive
all-carbon-nitrated
in
presence
flexible
structure
designability
performance
adjustability.
In
this
study,
three
attractive
energetic
cocrystals
1–3
were
synthesized
with
conjugate
triimidazo[1,2-a:1′,2′-c:1″,2″-e][1,3,5]triazine
(TT)
another
azole
[5-nitrotetrazole
(HNT),
3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole
(HDNT),
3,4,5-trinitropyrazole
(TNP)],
respectively.
All
existed
stably
safely
under
natural
conditions
exhibited
better
frictional
sensitivity
(FS),
impact
(IS)
than
pure
HNT,
HDNT,
TNP.
Therein,
two
melting
points
(Tm)
2
61.9
95.5
°C
higher
that
its
decomposition
temperature
(Td)
was
81.2
HDNT.
The
mechanical
1
(FS
=
80
N
IS
24
J)
significantly
improved
compared
extremely
sensitive
HNT
<
5
J).
Moreover,
3
excellent
controllable
detonation
performances
(1.703
g
cm–3,
6903
m
s–1,
18.0
GPa),
which
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
single-crystal
analysis
theoretical
calculation
showed
formation
primarily
depended
on
N–H···N,
C–H···N,
C–H···O
hydrogen
bonds
NO2···π
interaction
π–π
stacking.
stability
obviously
energetics,
attributed
combination
these
strong
bond
interactions
weak
π-stacking
interactions.
Therefore,
cocrystallization
promising
method
give
"dead"
new
life.
physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
16(3)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021
The
relationships
between
the
theoretical
values
calculated
using
density
functional
theory
and
experimental
data
derived
from
differential
scanning
calorimetry
of
high‐energy
organic
compounds
are
studied.
number
atoms
bonds
different
types
their
lengths,
minimum
eigenfrequencies,
atomization
energies,
ionization
potentials,
electron
affinities,
frontier
orbital
energies.
amounts
releasing
heat
(the
first
peaks
higher
than
1
kJ
g
−1
)
corresponding
temperatures.
Neural
networks
regression,
factor,
discriminant,
cluster
analysis
applied
to
find
dependencies
data.
It
is
found
that
amount
cannot
be
predicted
in
general
cases,
whereas
temperature
can
with
a
neural
network
an
accuracy
≈30
°C.
Cluster
discriminant
provides
way
for
classification
into
three
groups.
Some
these
groups
require
particular
rules
prediction
values.