Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(4), С. 2129 - 2169

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023

Abstract Microplastic pollution is becoming a major issue for human health due to the recent discovery of microplastics in most ecosystems. Here, we review sources, formation, occurrence, toxicity and remediation methods microplastics. We distinguish ocean-based land-based sources Microplastics have been found biological samples such as faeces, sputum, saliva, blood placenta. Cancer, intestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious inflammatory diseases are induced or mediated by exposure during pregnancy maternal period also discussed. Remediation include coagulation, membrane bioreactors, sand filtration, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrocoagulation magnetic separation. Control strategies comprise reducing plastic usage, behavioural change, using biodegradable plastics. Global production has risen dramatically over past 70 years reach 359 million tonnes. China world's top producer, contributing 17.5% global production, while Turkey generates waste Mediterranean region, at 144 tonnes per day. 75% marine waste, with responsible 80–90% pollution, account only 10–20%. induce toxic effects on humans animals, cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, barrier attributes, genotoxicity, even minimal dosages 10 μg/mL. Ingestion animals results alterations gastrointestinal tract physiology, system depression, differential gene expression, growth inhibition. Furthermore, bioaccumulation tissues aquatic organisms can adverse ecosystem, potential transmission birds. Changing individual behaviours governmental actions, implementing bans, taxes, pricing carrier bags, significantly reduced consumption 8–85% various countries worldwide. The microplastic minimisation approach follows an upside-down pyramid, starting prevention, followed reducing, reusing, recycling, recovering, ending disposal least preferable option.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Microplastics on Fish and in Human Health

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 16, 2022

Microplastics (MPs) are regarded as a global issue due to their toxicity effects on fish and humans. Fish is vital origin of human protein, which necessary for body growth. Contamination by MPs major hazard that requires special focus. After exposure alone or in combination with other pollutants, may experience variety health issues. can cause tissue damage, oxidative stress, changes immune-related gene expression well antioxidant status fish. being exposed MPs, suffer from neurotoxicity, growth retardation, behavioral abnormalities. The consequences poorly understood. Due the abundance environment, occur via consumption, inhalation, skin contact. Humans cytotoxicity, immune system disruption, transfer tissues after them. toxic both still unknown. This detailed review has potential add existing knowledge about ecotoxicity humans, will be useful forthcoming study.

Язык: Английский

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Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of microplastics in the human body and health implications

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 437, С. 129361 - 129361

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Microplastic diagnostics in humans: “The 3Ps” Progress, problems, and prospects

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 856, С. 159164 - 159164

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The past, present, and future of plastic pollution

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 176, С. 113429 - 113429

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Potential Health Impact of Microplastics: A Review of Environmental Distribution, Human Exposure, and Toxic Effects

Environment & Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(4), С. 249 - 257

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2023

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the global environment. As a typical emerging pollutant, its potential health hazards have been widely concerning. In this brief paper, we introduce source, identification, toxicity, and hazard of microplastics human. The literature review shows that frequently detected environmental human samples. Humans potentially exposed to through oral intake, inhalation, skin contact. We summarize toxic effects experimental models like cells, organoids, animals. These consist oxidative stress, DNA damage, organ dysfunction, metabolic disorder, immune response, neurotoxicity, as well reproductive developmental toxicity. addition, epidemiological evidence suggests variety chronic diseases may be related exposure. Finally, put forward gaps toxicity research their future development directions. This will helpful understanding exposure risk microplastics.

Язык: Английский

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Twenty years of microplastics pollution research—what have we learned?

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 386(6720)

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2024

Twenty years after the first publication that used term microplastic, we review current understanding, refine definitions, and consider future prospects. Microplastics arise from multiple sources, including tires, textiles, cosmetics, paint, fragmentation of larger items. They are widely distributed throughout natural environment, with evidence harm at levels biological organization. pervasive in food drink have been detected human body, emerging negative effects. Environmental contamination could double by 2040, wide-scale has predicted. Public concern is increasing, diverse measures to address microplastic pollution being considered international negotiations. Clear on efficacy potential solutions now needed issue minimize risks unintended consequences.

Язык: Английский

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Microplastics in environment: global concern, challenges, and controlling measures

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(4), С. 4673 - 4694

Опубликована: Май 26, 2022

Язык: Английский

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A review of potential human health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics exposure

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 851, С. 158111 - 158111

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2022

This systematic review aims to summarize the current knowledge on biological effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) human health based mammalian systems. An extensive search literature led a total 133 primary research articles relevance MNPs. Our findings revealed that although study MNP cytotoxicity inflammatory response represents major theme, most studies (105 articles) focused polystyrene MNPs due their wide availability as well characterised material can be manufactured with large range particle sizes, fluorescence labelling various surface modifications. Among covered in this review, 117 reported adverse after being exposed Mammalian vitro identified multiple including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, response, genotoxicity, embryotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, renal toxicity even carcinogenicity, while rodent vivo models confirmed bioaccumulation liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lung gut, presenting at different levels reproductive toxic trans-generational toxicity. In contrast, remaining 16 indicated an insignificant impact humans. A few attempted investigate mechanisms or factors driving several determining size, concentration, shape, charge, attached pollutants weathering process, which, however, were not benchmarked considered by studies. demonstrates there are still many inconsistencies evaluation potential lack comparability between Current limitations hindering attainment reproducible conclusions recommendations for future directions also presented.

Язык: Английский

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Disturbed Gut-Liver axis indicating oral exposure to polystyrene microplastic potentially increases the risk of insulin resistance

Environment International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 164, С. 107273 - 107273

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2022

Human uptake abundance of microplastics via various pathways, and they accumulate in human liver, kidney, gut even placenta (especially with a diameter 1 μm or less). Recent scientific studies have found that exposure to causes intestinal inflammation liver metabolic disorder, but it remains largely unknown whether the damage may cause further development severe diseases. In this study, we discovered one such potential diseases be induced by small-sized (with μm) performing multi-organ multi-omics study comprising metabolomics microbiome approaches. Unlike other animal experiments, dosing strategy was applied mice according daily highly exposed population, which more environmentally relevant reflective real-world exposure. Our on gut-liver axis metabolism shown crosstalk between ultimately leaded insulin resistance diabetes. We proactively verified hypothesis measuring levels fasting blood glucose insulin, were significantly elevated These results indicate urgent need large-scale cohort evaluation epidemiology prognosis after future.

Язык: Английский

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