Thirdhand
smoke
(THS)
is
the
persistent
and
toxic
residue
from
tobacco
in
indoor
environments.
A
comprehensive
understanding
of
chemical
constituents
THS
necessary
to
assess
risks
long-term
exposure
establish
reliable
tracers.
The
objective
this
study
was
investigate
compounds
associated
with
through
non-targeted
analysis
(NTA)
settled
house
dust
samples
smokers’
non-smokers’
homes,
using
two-dimensional
gas
chromatography
coupled
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry
(GC×GC/TOF-MS).
Compounds
that
were
either
only
present
homes
or
had
significantly
larger
abundance
than
termed
qualified
compounds.
We
identified
140
compounds,
these,
42
tentatively
by
searching
matching
spectra
NIST
electron
impact
(EI)
spectral
library
including
18
confirmed
their
authentic
standards.
Among
26
statistically
more
abundant
(p<0.10)
smokers;
seven
tobacco-specific
two
which
(nornicotyrine,
3-ethenylpyridine)
have
not
been
reported
before
dust.
Two
tris
(2-chloroethyl)
phosphate
(a
compound
used
as
a
flame
retardant
tobacco)
propanoic
acid,
2-methyl-,
1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl
ester
(highly
exhaled
air
smokers),
found
all
no
making
these
potential
tracers,
possibly
recent
smoking.
Benzyl
methyl
ketone
higher
previously
product
but
rather
form
methamphetamine.
This
recently
mainstream
condensate
NTA
well.
These
tracers
components
can
be
further
investigated
for
use
developing
contamination
assessments.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(9), С. 4346 - 4356
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024
Ocean
disposal
of
industrial
waste
from
technical
DDT
[mainly
1,1′-(2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene),
or
4,4′-DDT]
manufacture
occurred
historically
in
the
Southern
California
Bight.
However,
paucity
historical
records
highlights
uncertainties
as
to
mode,
location,
and
timing
ongoing
ecological
effects
these
wastes.
This
study
combines
sampling,
chemical
analysis,
numerical
modeling
deep
San
Pedro
Basin
sediments
revealing
substantial
contamination
that
extends
at
least
25
km
mainland.
These
findings
narrate
bulk
offshore
peaked
1950s,
prior
onset
formal
regulations;
was
agnostic
later-designated
sites;
has
experienced
sluggish
transformation.
Our
further
indicate
an
attenuating
secondary
source
for
daughter
product,
1-chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene
(4,4′-DDE),
which
still
deposits
into
sediments.
While
demonstrating
severity
region,
define
burial
potential
wastes
inform
past,
present,
future
is
needed
understand
predict
consequences.
work
also
points
firmly
bulk,
not
containerized,
alternative
contents
collocated
waste.
Chemosphere,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
352, С. 141138 - 141138
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024
Thirdhand
smoke
(THS)
is
the
persistent
and
toxic
residue
from
tobacco
in
indoor
environments.
A
comprehensive
understanding
of
chemical
constituents
THS
necessary
to
assess
risks
long-term
exposure
establish
reliable
tracers.
The
objective
this
study
was
investigate
compounds
associated
with
through
non-targeted
analysis
(NTA)
settled
house
dust
samples
smokers'
non-smokers'
homes,
using
two-dimensional
gas
chromatography
coupled
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry
(GC
×
GC/TOF-MS).
Compounds
that
were
either
only
present
homes
or
had
significantly
larger
abundance
than
termed
qualified
compounds.
We
identified
140
compounds,
these,
42
tentatively
by
searching
matching
spectra
NIST
electron
impact
(EI)
spectral
library
including
20
confirmed
their
authentic
standards.
Among
26
statistically
more
abundant
(p
<
0.10)
smokers;
seven
tobacco-specific
two
which
(nornicotyrine,
3-ethenylpyridine)
have
not
been
reported
before
dust.
Two
tris
(2-chloroethyl)
phosphate
(a
compound
used
as
a
flame
retardant
tobacco)
propanoic
acid,
2-methyl-,
1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl
ester
(highly
exhaled
air
smokers),
found
all
no
making
these
potential
tracers,
possibly
recent
smoking.
Benzyl
methyl
ketone
higher
previously
product
but
rather
form
methamphetamine.
This
recently
mainstream
condensate
NTA
well.
These
tracers
components
can
be
further
investigated
for
use
developing
contamination
assessments.
ACS ES&T Water,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(4), С. 1381 - 1392
Опубликована: Март 18, 2024
Evaluating
persistent
trace
organic
chemicals
(TOrCs)
and
transformation
products
(TPs)
in
membrane
bioreactors
(MBRs)
is
essential,
given
that
MBRs
are
now
widely
implemented
for
wastewater
treatment
water
reuse.
This
research
applied
comprehensive
two-dimensional
gas
chromatography
coupled
to
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry
(GC×GC/TOF-MS)-based
nontargeted
analysis
compare
the
effectiveness
of
parallel
aerobic
anaerobic
(AeMBRs
AnMBRs,
respectively),
treating
same
municipal
wastewater.
The
average
total
chromatographic
feature
peak
area
abundances
were
significantly
reduced
by
84%
72%
from
influent
permeate
both
AeMBR
AnMBR
(p
<
0.05),
respectively.
However,
reduction
number
features
was
significant
only
=
0.006).
A
similar
TPs
generated
during
treatments
(165
vs
171
compounds,
respectively).
overall
results
suggest
more
effective
reducing
diversity
TOrCs
than
AnMBR,
but
processes
had
a
TOrC
abundance.
Suspect
screening
using
GC×GC/TOF-MS,
which
resulted
tentative
identification
351
TOrCs,
proved
be
powerful
approach
uncovering
compounds
previously
unreported
wastewater,
including
many
fragrances
personal
care
products.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
57(46), С. 18162 - 18171
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2023
Disposal
of
industrial
and
hazardous
waste
in
the
ocean
was
a
pervasive
global
practice
20th
century.
Uncertainty
quantity,
location,
contents
dumped
materials
underscores
ongoing
risks
to
marine
ecosystems
human
health.
This
study
presents
an
analysis
wide-area
side-scan
sonar
survey
conducted
with
autonomous
underwater
vehicles
(AUVs)
at
dump
site
San
Pedro
Basin,
California.
Previous
camera
surveys
located
60
barrels
other
debris.
Sediment
region
showed
varying
concentrations
insecticidal
chemical
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT),
which
estimated
350–700
t
were
discarded
Basin
between
1947
1961.
A
lack
primary
historical
documents
specifying
DDT
acid
disposal
methods
has
contributed
ambiguity
surrounding
whether
dumping
occurred
via
bulk
discharge
or
containerized
units.
Barrels
debris
observed
during
previous
used
for
ground
truth
classification
algorithms
based
on
size
acoustic
intensity
characteristics.
Image
signal
processing
techniques
identified
over
74,000
targets
within
region.
Statistical,
spectral,
machine
learning
characterize
seabed
variability
classify
bottom-type.
These
analytical
combined
AUV
capabilities
provide
framework
efficient
mapping
characterization
uncharted
deep-water
sites.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(5), С. 479 - 484
Опубликована: Май 6, 2024
The
recent
rediscovery
of
offshore
DDT
waste
dumping
in
the
Southern
California
Bight
(SCB)
has
led
to
questions
about
extent
and
type
pollution
deep
ocean
environments.
We
used
a
nontargeted
analysis
identify
halogenated
organic
compounds
(HOCs),
including
DDT+,
sediment
San
Pedro
Basin.
Additionally,
we
examined
chemical
profiles
biota
inhabiting
SCB
assess
bioavailability
DDT+
HOCs
food
web.
detected
49
across
all
samples,
15
10
biota.
Compounds
included
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane
(TCPM)
its
isomers
three
unknown
DDT-related
previously
identified
marine
mammals.
No
clear
trends
were
regarding
distribution
sediments.
High
body
burdens
found
irrespective
collection
location,
indicating
widespread
contamination
SCB.
TCPMs
samples
except
single
surface
species,
that
may
be
source
This
study
demonstrates
larger
suite
is
critical
trace
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(45)
Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2024
Globally,
ocean
dumping
of
chemical
waste
is
a
common
method
disposal
and
relies
on
the
assumption
that
dilution,
diffusion,
dispersion
at
scales
will
mitigate
human
exposure
ecosystem
impacts.
In
southern
California,
extensive
agrochemical
waste,
particularly
chlorinated
hydrocarbon
contaminants
such
as
DDT,
via
sewage
outfalls
permitted
offshore
barging
occurred
for
most
last
century.
This
study
compiled
database
existing
sediment
fish
DDT
measurements
to
examine
how
this
unique
legacy
regional
translates
into
contemporary
contamination
coastal
ocean.
We
used
spatiotemporal
modeling
derive
continuous
estimates
show
spatial
signature
(i.e.,
high
loadings
near
historic
sites)
highly
conserved
in
sediments.
Moreover,
we
demonstrate
proximity
areas
explained
over
half
variation
concentrations.
The
relationship
between
was
mediated
by
ecological
predictors
(e.g.,
species,
trophic
ecology,
habitat
use),
relative
influence
each
predictor
context-dependent,
with
exhibiting
greater
importance
heavily
contaminated
areas.
Thus,
despite
more
than
century
since
cessation
industrial
region,
local
continues
mirror
dumping,
suggesting
can
serve
robust
contamination,
general
characteristics
offer
predictive
framework
unmeasured
species
or
locations.
Chemical Research in Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
36(11), С. 1703 - 1710
Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023
Cigarette
butts
are
one
of
the
most
prevalent
forms
litter
worldwide
and
may
leach
toxic
compounds
when
deposited
in
aquatic
environments.
Previous
studies
demonstrated
that
smoked
cigarette
leachate
is
toward
organisms.
However,
specific
bioavailable
chemicals
from
potential
for
human
wildlife
exposure
through
food
chain
were
unknown.
Using
a
nontargeted
analytical
approach
based
on
GC×GC/TOF-MS,
43
confirmed
to
cigarettes
exposed
water
source.
Additionally,
bioaccumulation
organic
contaminants
an
edible
fish,
rainbow
trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss),
was
assessed
direct
at
0.5
CB/L
28
days.
There
significant
reduction
fish
mass
among
vs
control
group
(χ2
(1)
=
5.3,
p
0.021).
Both
targeted
chemical
analysis
representative
tissue
identified
four
tobacco
alkaloids,
nicotine,
nicotyrine,
myosmine,
2,2′-bipyridine.
Their
average
concentrations
466,
55.4,
94.1,
70.8
ng/g,
respectively.
This
study
identifies
leached
demonstrates
uptake
trout,
thus
suggesting
accumulation
webs,
resulting
exposure.
Conservation Science and Practice,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024
Abstract
Supplemental
feeding
is
a
common
soft‐release
strategy
for
increasing
settlement,
survival,
and
breeding
in
animals
after
translocation.
However,
supplemental
can
also
hinder
natural
patterns
of
dispersal
or
influence
social
interactions.
Some
drawbacks
be
mitigated
if
stations
function
as
management
tools
directing
animals'
movement,
example,
by
guiding
them
toward
wild
food
resources
prospective
territories
while
away
from
potential
threats,
predator
hotspots
urban/agricultural
centers.
these
effects
may
not
work
equally
across
individuals
habitat
types.
For
species
such
'alalā
(
Corvus
hawaiiensis
),
Hawaii's
last
living
corvid,
being
able
to
manipulate
space
use
via
feeders
could
improve
reintroduction
outcomes.
We
determined
how
released
population
strategically
moving
varying
distances
types,
measuring
quickly
birds
discovered
new
their
changed.
found
that
more
rapidly
closed
opposed
open
canopy
habitat,
feeder
movement
influenced
far
ranged,
especially
afternoon
periods.
Sex,
network
position,
individual
home
range
size
did
predict
discovery.
These
insights
offer
lessons
using
when
managing
reintroductions.
