Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(17), С. 9765 - 9785

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

Abstract. Multiphase chemistry occurs between chemicals in different atmospheric phases, typically involving gas–solid and gas–liquid interactions. The importance of multiphase has long been recognized. Its central role extends from acid precipitation stratospheric ozone depletion to its impact on the oxidizing capacity troposphere roles that aerosol particles play driving chemistry–climate interactions affecting human health. This opinion article briefly introduces subject tracks development before after start Atmospheric Chemistry Physics. Most focuses research opportunities challenges field. Central themes are a fundamental understanding at molecular level underpins ability accurately predict environmental change discipline is strongest when tightly connected modeling field observations.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of aerosol acidity and organic ligands on transition metal solubility and oxidative potential of fine particulate matter in urban environments

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 906, С. 167405 - 167405

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Peroxide and Carbonyl Decomposition in Aqueous Photolysis of Secondary Organic Aerosols

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(10), С. 4716 - 4726

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

The mechanism and kinetics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation when atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is exposed to solar radiation are poorly understood. In this study, we combined an in situ UV–vis irradiation system with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy characterize the photolytic ROS aqueous extracts SOA formed by oxidation isoprene, α-pinene, α-terpineol, toluene. We observed substantial free radicals, including •OH, superoxide (HO2•), radicals (R•/RO•) upon irradiation. Compared dark conditions, radical yield was enhanced a factor ∼30 for •OH 2–10 emergence radicals. Total peroxide measurements showed decreases contents after photoirradiation, indicating that peroxides can be important source A liquid chromatography interfaced high-resolution mass spectrometry used detect number form adducts spin trap, BMPO. types detected photolysis model compounds indicated carbonyls Norrish type I mechanisms plays role formation. serves as driving force cloud fog processing SOA.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidized and Unsaturated: Key Organic Aerosol Traits Associated with Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Southeastern United States

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(38), С. 14150 - 14161

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with millions of premature deaths annually. Oxidative stress through overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) a possible mechanism for PM2.5-induced health effects. Organic aerosol (OA) dominant component PM2.5 worldwide, yet its role in toxicity poorly understood due chemical complexity. Here, integrated cellular ROS measurements and detailed multi-instrument characterization PM urban southeastern United States, we show that oxygenated OA (OOA), especially more-oxidized OOA, the main type production. We further reveal highly unsaturated containing carbon–oxygen double bonds aromatic rings OOA are major contributors These results highlight key features driving toxicity. As ubiquitous abundant atmosphere, this emphasizes need understand sources processing when formulating effective strategies mitigate impacts.

Язык: Английский

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Endogenous Nitric Oxide Can Enhance Oxidative Stress Caused by Air Pollutants and Explain Higher Susceptibility of Individuals with Inflammatory Disorders

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(4), С. 1823 - 1831

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Air pollution causes morbidity and excess mortality. In the epithelial lining fluid of respiratory tract, air pollutants trigger a chemical reaction sequence that formation noxious hydroxyl radicals drive oxidative stress. For hitherto unknown reasons, individuals with pre-existing inflammatory disorders are particularly susceptible to pollution. Through detailed multiphase kinetic analysis, we show commonly elevated concentrations endogenous nitric oxide in diseased can increase production via peroxynitrite formation. Our findings offer molecular rationale how adverse health effects stress caused by may be exacerbated disorders.

Язык: Английский

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3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds for bone defect repair: bone aging and immune regulation

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

The management of bone defects, particularly in aging populations, remains a major clinical challenge. immune microenvironment plays an important role the repair defects and favorable environment can effectively promote defects. However, is closely associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which adversely affects healing. Persistent inflammation critically regulates through all stages. This review explores potential 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds defect repair, focusing on their capacity to modulate counteract effects aging. not only provide structural support for regeneration but also serve as effective carriers anti-osteoporosis drugs, offering novel therapeutic strategy treating osteoporotic By regulating improving response, may significantly enhance context age-related degeneration. approach underscores advanced biomaterials addressing dual challenges dysregulation, promising avenues development treatments elderly. We hope concepts discussed this could offer strategies suggest future optimization scaffolds.

Язык: Английский

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Daily Exposure to Environmental Volatile Organic Compounds Triggers Oxidative Damage: Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey in China

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(49), С. 20501 - 20509

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and have been implicated in adverse health outcomes. In this study, concentrations of 11 VOC metabolites (mVOCs) three oxidative stress biomarkers (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine, dityrosine) were determined 205 urine samples collected from 12 cities across mainland China. Urinary ∑11mVOC ranged 498 to 1660 ng/mL, with a geometric mean (GM) value 1070 ng/mL. The factorial analysis revealed that cooking, solvents, vehicle emissions the primary sources exposure. A significant regional variation was clearly found four regions China, high North South China (GM: 1450 1340 ng/mL). multiple linear regression model most mVOCs significantly positively correlated markers (β range: 0.06–0.22). Mixture effect showed isoprene, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, benzene strongest contributors stress. Approximately 80% participants HQ values greater than 1.0 for 1,3-butadiene benzene, suggesting their exposure doses close potential effects. Our findings provide comprehensive information on human risks VOCs

Язык: Английский

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Tumour-associated macrophages: versatile players in the tumour microenvironment

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023

Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components tumour microenvironment. Their roles in cancer immunity complicated, both pro-tumour and anti-cancer activities reported, including not only angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immunosuppression, drug resistance but also phagocytosis regression. Interestingly, TAMs highly dynamic versatile solid tumours. They show or activities, interplay between microenvironment stem cells under specific conditions. In addition to classic M1/M2 phenotypes, a number novel dedifferentiation phenomena discovered due advanced single-cell technology, e.g., macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) macrophage-neuron (MNT). More importantly, emerging information demonstrated potential on immunotherapy, suggesting by therapeutic efficiency checkpoint inhibitors chimeric antigen receptor engineered based macrophages. Here, we summarized latest discoveries from basic translational research discussed their clinical relevance for cancers.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of ambient and endogenous H₂O₂ on reactive oxygen species concentrations and OH radical production in the respiratory tract

Environmental Science Atmospheres, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(7), С. 1066 - 1074

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

A multiphase kinetic model analysis quantifies effects of air pollutants on reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress in the respiratory tract.

Язык: Английский

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Variation of PM_2.5 Redox Potential and Toxicity During Monsoon in Delhi, India

ACS ES&T Air, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(4), С. 316 - 329

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

This study investigates daily variations in redox potential of water- and organic-soluble PM2.5 during Delhi's monsoon season, offering insights into its chemical composition, cytotoxicity, oxidative threat to various lung conditions. samples, categorized by pollution levels, showed an average intrinsic (OPmDTT) 27.5 pmol min–1 μg–1, OH• generation 51.1 antioxidant capacity (AOC) both gallic acid trolox equivalency 62.5 35.3 respectively. Water-soluble redox-active compounds (RACs) contributed approximately 67% the potential. The polar-phase distribution RACs can be modified atmospheric photochemistry precipitation. Biomass burning emerged as a pivotal source, with polluted samples exhibiting higher cytotoxicity stress A549 cells. All impaired cellular respiration, reducing oxygen consumption rates Intrinsic OPmDTT were influenced fluid variants, such exogenous nicotine endogenous inflammatory protein. provides comprehensive perspective on toxicity Delhi, India distinct periods also points out importance considering population disparities individual health status assessing impacts.

Язык: Английский

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