Key considerations for pathogen surveillance in wastewater

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 945, P. 173862 - 173862

Published: June 12, 2024

Wastewater surveillance (WWS) has received significant attention as a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tool for monitoring various pathogens in community. WWS is employed to assess the spatial temporal trends of diseases identify their early appearances reappearances, well detect novel mutated variants. However, shedding rates vary significantly depending on factors such disease severity, physiology affected individuals, characteristics pathogen. Furthermore, may exhibit differential fate decay kinetics sewerage system. Variable affect detection wastewater. This influence interpretation results conclusions studies. When selecting pathogen WWS, it essential consider it's specific characteristics. If data are not readily available, fate, decay, should be assessed before conducting surveillance. Alternatively, these can compared those similar which available.

Language: Английский

---

Developing wastewater-based surveillance schemes for multiple pathogens: The WastPan project in Finland

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 926, P. 171401 - 171401

Published: March 11, 2024

Wastewater comprises multiple pathogens and offers a potential for wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) to track the prevalence of communicable diseases. The Finnish WastPan project aimed establish pandemic preparedness (viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi), including antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This article outlines WastPan's experiences in this project, criteria target selection, sampling locations, frequency, analysis methods results communication. Target selection relied on epidemiological microbiological evidence practical feasibility. Within framework, wastewater samples were collected between 2021 2023 from 10 treatment plants (WWTPs) covering 40 % Finland's population. WWTP was validated reported cases Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing bacterial (Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae) National Infectious Disease Register. workflow included 24-h composite influent samples, with one fraction culture-based (bacteria fungi) rest sample reserved molecular antibiotic genes, parasites). reproducibility monitoring assessed SARS-CoV-2 through inter-laboratory comparisons using N2 N1 assays. Identical protocols applied same-day yielding similar positivity trends two laboratories, but assay achieved significantly higher detection rate (Laboratory 1: 91.5 %; Laboratory 2: 87.4 %) than (76.6 monitored only 2 (McNemar, p < 0.001 Lab 1, = 0.006 2). result indicates that primers assays may impact sensitivity WBS. Overall, current study recommends frequencies population coverage should be based pathogen-specific characteristics. For example, are stable over time need less frequent annual sampling, while those occurring across regions require reduced coverage. Here, successfully piloted WBS pathogens, highlighting significance one-litre community assessing health. infrastructure established COVID-19 is valuable various pathogens. Prioritizing targets optimizes resource utilization, legislative support determination sustained funding advisable future.

Language: Английский

---

Wastewater surveillance for viral pathogens: A tool for public health

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. e33873 - e33873

Published: June 29, 2024

A focus on water quality has intensified globally, considering its critical role in sustaining life and ecosystems. Wastewater, reflecting societal development, profoundly impacts public health. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) emerged as a surveillance tool for detecting outbreaks early, monitoring infectious disease trends, providing real-time insights, particularly vulnerable communities. WBE aids tracking pathogens, including viruses, sewage, offering comprehensive understanding of community health lifestyle habits. With the rise global COVID-19 cases, gained prominence, aiding SARS-CoV-2 levels worldwide. Despite advancements treatment, poorly treated wastewater discharge remains threat, amplifying spread water-, sanitation-, hygiene (WaSH)-related diseases. WBE, serving complementary surveillance, is pivotal community-level viral infections. However, there untapped potential to expand surveillance. This review emphasizes importance link between health, highlighting need further integration into management.

Language: Английский

---

Antibiotic resistance monitoring in wastewater in the Nordic countries: A systematic review

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 118052 - 118052

Published: Dec. 30, 2023

The Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) have effectively kept lower antibiotic-resistant bacterial (ARB) pathogen rates than many other countries. However, in recent years, these five encountered a rise ARB cases challenges treating infections due to the growing prevalence of pathogens. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is valuable supplement clinical methods for surveillance, but there lack comprehensive understanding WBS application This review aims compile latest state-of-the-art developments monitoring compare them with practices. After reviewing 1480 papers from primary search, 54 were found relevant, 15 additional WBS-related included. Among 69 studies analyzed, 42 dedicated epidemiology, while 27 focused on wastewater monitoring. PRISMA literature revealed that focus four major objectives ARB: assessing human population, identifying evading treatment, quantifying removal rates, evaluating potential evolution during treatment process. In both contexts, most studied targets pathogens producing carbapenemase extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), primarily Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp. vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) received more attention epidemiology studies, probably their detection wastewater. Clinical has mostly used culturing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, genotyping, employed PCR-based metagenomics alongside culture-based techniques. Imported resulting international travel hospitalization abroad appear frequently contributed similarities between (e.g., knowledge exchange practices, usage patterns, current landscape) could facilitate collaborative efforts developing implementing population-level screening.

Language: Английский

---

Wastewater based surveillance can be used to reduce clinical testing intensity on a university campus

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 918, P. 170452 - 170452

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Strengthening Pathogen and Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance by Environmental Monitoring in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Stakeholder Survey

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Background: Waterborne diseases pose a significant global public health threat, compelling enhanced comprehensive surveillance. This study investigates the current infectious disease and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance systems, including wastewater environmental (WES), in three sub-Saharan African countries: Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The countries have their specificities regarding networks logistic systems. So, emphasizing need to strengthen existing surveillance, paper advocates for incorporating WES systems specifically designed countries' context monitor waterborne re-emerging pathogens, as well AMR.Methods: National workshops were conducted assess clinical identify priority pathogens new monitoring. Data collected through surveys from experts academia, research, policy, healthcare. Results: Prioritized include (poliovirus, Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae), respiratory (influenza A&amp;B, SARS-CoV-2), other (Measles Rubella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Recommended AMR drug-resistant tuberculosis, spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase carbapenemase-producing E. coli. DRC employ DHSI2-based centralized electronic data collection, complemented by Excel paper-based registries. approach is commonly employed monitoring poliovirus rarely pathogens. Discussion conclusions: valuable tool early detection locally circulating human-derived aiding outbreak detection, data-driven epidemic response, prevention. availability results underscores importance effective sanitation safeguarding human, animal, health. pivotal integrated risk management, preventing outbreaks, protecting drinking water sources, ultimately gaining various UN Sustainable Development Goals. highlights customized line with each country's context, localized approaches AMR.

Language: Английский

---

A framework for integrating wastewater-based epidemiology and public health

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 24, 2024

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an environmental approach to monitor community health through the analysis of sewage. The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed scientists and public professionals revisit WBE as a tool optimize resource allocation mitigate disease spread prevent outbreaks. Some studies have highlighted value programs that coordinate with professionals; however, details necessary for implementation are not well-characterized. To respond this knowledge gap, article documents framework successful program in Arizona, titled Wastewater Analysis Tactical Epidemiological Response Systems (WATERS), detailing developed structure methods communication enabled preparedness response actions. This illustrates how operations were employed reduce outbreak severity. outlined here customizable may guide other tool.

Language: Английский

---

Encrypted data-sharing for preserving privacy in wastewater-based epidemiology

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 940, P. 173315 - 173315

Published: May 17, 2024

Language: Английский

---

EU surveys insights: analytical tools, future directions, and the essential requirement for reference materials in wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2, antimicrobial resistance and beyond

Human Genomics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: June 27, 2024

Abstract Background Wastewater surveillance (WWS) acts as a vigilant sentinel system for communities, analysing sewage to protect public health by detecting outbreaks and monitoring trends in pathogens contaminants. To achieve thorough comprehension of present upcoming practices identify challenges opportunities standardisation improvement WWS methodologies, two EU surveys were conducted targeting over 750 laboratories across Europe other regions. The first survey explored diverse range activities currently undertaken or planned laboratories. second specifically targeted methods quality controls utilised SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Results findings the provide comprehensive insight into procedures methodologies applied WWS. In Europe, primarily focuses on with 99% participants dedicated this virus. However, responses highlighted lack employed SARS-CoV-2. pathogens, including antimicrobial resistance, is fragmented only limited number Notably, these are anticipated expand future. Survey replies emphasise collective recognition need enhance accuracy results practices, reflecting shared commitment advancing precision effectiveness methodologies. Conclusions These identified standardised common standards reference materials reliability addition, it important broaden efforts beyond include emerging resistance ensure approach protecting health.

Language: Английский

---

Making Waves: A justice-centred framework for wastewater-based public health surveillance

Water Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 122747 - 122747

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Since 2020 wastewater-based surveillance has quickly been established as an effective and cost-efficient tool for monitoring public health. In this Making Waves article, we argue that these programs must be grounded in principles of justice to achieve global water health equity. Ethics initiatives date have focused primarily on privacy, legality, institutionalised research reviews, often, if not exclusively, North America Western Europe. We draw from our interdisciplinary, multisectoral, international expertise experience develop a justice-centred framework surveillance. First, identify common concerns across diverse including: defining community, transparency accountability, uneven geographies. Second, political theorist Nancy Fraser's evaluate site-specific practices identifying maldistribution, misrecognition, exclusion. suggest offers approach evaluating just outcomes rather than specific regulations governing wastewater different unequal contexts.

Language: Английский

---