Potential human health risk of the emerging environmental contaminant 6-PPD quinone

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 949, С. 175057 - 175057

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to 6-PPD quinone disrupts glucose metabolism associated with lifespan reduction by affecting insulin and AMPK signals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 363, С. 142975 - 142975

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Inhalation exposure to tire rubber particle-sourced pollutant 6PPD-quinone involving basolateral amygdala impairment in male ICR mice

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Structure and Toxicity Characterization of Alkyl Hydroxylated Metabolites of 6PPD-Q

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Distinct from other nontoxic phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (PPD) quinones, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) was recently discovered to be regioselectively metabolized alkyl hydroxylated metabolites (alkyl-OH-6PPD-Q) in rainbow trout. It remains unknown whether the unique alkyl-OH-6PPD-Q contributes toxicity of 6PPD-Q. To test this, we herein synthesized chemical standards isomers and investigated their metabolic formation mechanism toxicity. The predominant confirmed on C4 tertiary carbon (C4-OH-6PPD-Q). C4-OH-6PPD-Q only observed microsomal but not cytosolic fractions trout (O. mykiss) liver S9. A general cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor fluoxetine inhibited 6PPD-Q, supporting that CYP450 catalyzed hydroxylation. This well-explained compound- regio-selective C4-OH-6PPD-Q, due weak C-H bond carbon. Surprisingly, while cytotoxicity for 6PPD-Q C3-OH-6PPD-Q a coho salmon kisutch) embryo (CSE-119) cell line, no C4-OH-6PPD-Q. further confirm this under physiologically relevant conditions, fractionated formed microsome Cytotoxicity fraction In summary, study highlighted as key moiety both metabolism hydroxylation is detoxification pathway

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of tire-derived additives and their metabolites into fruit, root and leafy vegetables and evaluation of dietary intake in Swiss adults

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 138432 - 138432

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Distinct Species-Specific and Toxigenic Metabolic Profiles for 6PPD and 6PPD Quinone by P450 Enzymes: Insights from In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2024

The tire rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its quinone product (6PPDQ) are prevalent emerging contaminants, yet their biotransformation profiles remain poorly understood, hampering the assessment of environmental health risks. This study investigated phase-I metabolism 6PPD 6PPDQ across aquatic mammalian species through in vitro liver microsome (LM) incubations silico simulations. A total 40 metabolites from seven pathways were identified using highly sensitive nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Notably, was consistently detected as a metabolite with an approximate 2% yield, highlighting neglected indirect exposure pathway for organisms. calculated to form facile two-step phenyl hydroxylation 6PPD, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Distinct species-specific metabolic kinetics observed, fish LM demonstrating retarded rates compared LM, suggesting vulnerability vertebrates these contaminants. Intriguingly, two novel coupled which predicted exhibit elevated toxicity result C–N oxidative coupling P450s. These unveiled offer valuable insights risk 6PPDQ, may inform future studies regulatory actions.

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing the Metabolism of Tire Rubber-Derived p-Phenylenediamine Quinones to Identify Potential Exposure Biomarkers in Humans

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2024

There is growing evidence of the frequent detection tire rubber-derived contaminants

Язык: Английский

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p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and PPD-quinones (PPD-Qs) in human urine and breast milk samples: Urgent need for focus on PPD-Qs and the establishment of health threshold criteria

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 480, С. 136176 - 136176

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Xenometabolome of Early-Life Stage Salmonids Exposed to 6PPD-Quinone

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

Abstract N -(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)- N′ -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) is a ubiquitous transformation product (TP) derived from the rubber tire antioxidant -phenylenediamine (6PPD) and acutely toxic to certain species of Salmonidae . Not all salmonids are sensitive acute lethality caused by 6PPD-Q, with 6PPD-Q potency varying several orders magnitude among teleosts. The main driver(s) sensitivity differences (are) pressing question, one area interest examining whether in teleosts ability biotransform detoxify could be key factor. This study utilized liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) assess biotransformation metabolome-wide effects on early-life stage salmonids, including two species, rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) lake Salvelinus namaycush ), tolerant brown Salmo trutta ). Three phase I TPs seven II were detected, peak areas revealing that had greatest 6PPD-Q. Monohydroxylated verified using co-developed analytical standards will use for future biomonitoring exposure assessment. Several endogenous metabolites found dysregulated trout, indicative mitochondrial dysfunction, altered metabolism, disrupted membrane permeability. Results this indicate difference capability fish subsequent unique metabolome responses. Graphical Synopsis Inter-species salmonid leads variability

Язык: Английский

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Child exposure to N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its derived quinone (6PPDQ) in e-waste areas: Urinary concentrations, sources, and health effect assessment

Journal of Environmental Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 153, С. 217 - 228

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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