The ecosystem implications of road salt as a pollutant of freshwaters

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2022

Abstract Salt pollution is a threat to freshwater ecosystems. Anthropogenic salt inputs increase lake and stream salinity, consequently change aquatic ecosystem structure function. Elevated concentrations impact species directly not only through osmoregulatory stress, but also community‐level feedbacks that the flow of energy materials food webs. Here, we discuss implications road on rivers lakes how “one size fits all” ecotoxicity thresholds may adequately protect organisms. This article categorized under: Science Water > Quality Life Nature Freshwater Ecosystems Stresses Pressures

Язык: Английский

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Long-term impacts of impervious surface cover change and roadway deicing agent application on chloride concentrations in exurban and suburban watersheds

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 851, С. 157933 - 157933

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2022

Roadway deicing agents, including rock salt and brine containing NaCl, have had a profound impact on the water quality aquatic health of rivers streams in urbanized areas with temperate climates. Yet, few studies evaluate impacts to watersheds characterized by relatively low impervious surface cover (ISC; < 15 %). Here, we use long-term (1997-2019), monthly streamwater data combined daily streamflow for six exurban suburban southeastern Pennsylvania examine relations among chloride (Cl-) concentrations ISC. Both flow-normalized Cl- ISC increased over time each watersheds, consistent changes watershed management (e.g., ISC, road application, etc.). The that experienced greatest percent agriculture replaced residential commercial development) concentrations. We also utilized comprehensive mass-balance model (2011-2018) indicated inputs exceeded outputs study watersheds. Road applied state roads, non-state other surfaces accounted majority Furthermore, increasing during baseflow conditions confirm shallow groundwater. Although are below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's chronic threshold value organisms, year-round exceedances may result before end this century based current trends. Though reduced loading be achieved limiting expansion likely gradual because accumulated

Язык: Английский

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Documenting the impacts of increasing salinity in freshwater and coastal ecosystems: Introduction to the special issue

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1), С. 1 - 7

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

Freshwater salinization is the process of changing ion concentrations (e.g., Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, CO 3 2 − , SO 4 ) relative to background levels due human activities agriculture, application road de-icing salts, water and resource extraction, climate change, sea-level rise; Williams 2001; Cañedo-Argüelles et al. 2016). Although considerably less studied than other environmental issues (Cañedo-Argüelles 2020), widely accepted as presenting major challenges freshwater coastal biodiversity (Cunillera-Montcusí 2022). Existing data research show a clear rise in worldwide (Dugan 2017; 2020; Jeppesen Kaushal 2021), yet key knowledge gaps management remain complexity (Kaushal 2018) prevalence problem 2020). Current literature has neglected provide unbiased geographic coverage 2022), ecosystem-level responses functions services) are rarely assessed (Herbert 2015). Compelling calls for agendas that address need at multiple scales global, regional, local) well timed One identified gap points networks researchers working together regional using experimental approaches identify impacts on biodiversity, community salinity thresholds, landscape-scale drivers. Here, we document results networked Global Salt Initiative (GSI) performed situ experiments lakes look impacts: their findings suggest North American European quality guidelines salt far too low prevent impacts. The further purpose this Special Issue (SI) increasing lake area ecosystem functioning from variety perspectives. Salinity an important parameter, like temperature light, directly affects organisms via osmotic stress (Silver Donini 2021). Despite worldwide, however, socioeconomic perspective, salts perhaps still viewed natural component ecosystems with negligible (Gorostiza Saurí 2019). Moreover, current solutions technically challenging expensive making seemingly unavoidable consequence many activities. We have witnessed substantial increase including some high profile papers reviews 2018; Hintz Relyea 2019; Arnott Dugan Thorslund 2021; Cunillera-Montcusí 2022; 2022a,b), scientific van Vliet three SIs devoted topic: (1) SI Philosophical Transactions B (2018) "Salt freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences future prospects" 2019); (2) Water (coming 2022) focused "Salinization resources: ongoing trends" (Colombani 2022); (3) Hydrobiologia 2023) "Effects induced changes inland ecosystems," edited by Jeppesen, Cañedo-Argüelles, Entrekin, Padisák, Sarma. What makes Limnology Oceanography Letters unique principal focus determining (as stated above). When faced trying understand what happens when mixture ions interacts anthropogenically derived substances aquatic ecosystems, experts refer result "freshwater syndrome" (FSS; 2018). Like any syndrome, combination complex factors (chemical, biological, geological, environmental, social) associated can extreme unsafe drinking (Ehmar Khan 2014; 2016); mobilized contaminants 2015; toxicity bioaccumulation co-occurring pollutants such pesticides (Saranjampour Hutton Xing loss (James 2003; Castillo Hébert FSS expected progress five distinct stages outlined here (this SI) first time As inadequate regulations (Huling Hollocher 1972; Jackson Jobbàgy 2005; Gorostiza Schuler 2022b), continues impact function, services sector-specific withdrawals regions world irrigation agriculture; water; 2017). global scale irreconcilable demands various anthropogenic practices road-de-icing, mining) help explain recent area. International teams recently published coordinated mesocosm across regions) most urgent (Hintz All guest editors part GSI, which began design Experiment (GSE) conceived GLEON (Global Lakes Ecological Observatory Network) meeting Mohonk (New York) 2017. Interdisciplinary led Drs Shelley William designed large-scale, simultaneous experiment was 16 within Canada (CA), Europe (EU), United States (US) summer 2018. under conditions lack direct pristine zooplankton, outside laboratory tests. these (2022b) series six either combine evaluate cross-regional (Arnott or examine effects stressors communities base food chain (Moffett Greco Astorg GSE (i) complemented 14 selected known about zooplankton worldwide; (ii) predict trends increases America caused predominantly salt; (iii) urban wetlands, streams, ponds); (iv) increased land-water usage patterns causing saltwater intrusion nutrient loadings marine areas; (v) consider community-level syndrome. contributions depth scope support GSI's overarching paper explains how abundances will be lost 2022b). Currently, regulated through recommendations (i.e., non-legally enforced standards) based tests, total and/or chloride chronic [Cl−] 120 230 mg L−1, respectively). Addressing require more rigorous capture different mixtures chemical cocktails 2016; Recently, al.'s created heightened appreciation, over 2300 comments 69,100 upvotes New Reddit Journal Science (NRJS Such appreciation included investigations into microbes use energy; products affect ecosystems; safe roads, beet juice, gravel (Finland), sand. Without evidence, legislative unlikely. brief overview enhance probability change. finding our coordinated, mesocosm, (on communities) precipitous biomass 50% reductions) below existing concentration CA, US, EU Vitally, (2022) showed abundance accompanied fewer species, reduced diversity, consistent trophic shift algal (dominance) all lakes, demonstrated chlorophyll (Chl a). were unable link sensitivity intraspecific variation responses) original species pool local conditions. Yet, had robust responses, possibly evolutionary adaptation Nonetheless, even upper Cl− leading proliferation algae released grazing pressure. uniquely investigated shifts fungal eukaryotic plankton DNA metabarcoding 18 S rRNA. They found massive compositional among diverse groups dominants unicellular algae. Eventually, combined favor cyanobacteria (Porter-Goff 2013), but not universally case wherein absent phytoplankton favored (Astorg More needed. Examining interactions between nutrients, (2021) exposed mesocosms ambient (~ 3–4× ambient), concluding although higher nutrients availability, there no concomitant tolerance salt. Temperature another variable interact salinity, McClymont responsive subjected stressor. losses diversity GSI experiments, Wersebe only slight Daphnia ephippia response suburban 170 years (with 1 150 L−1) paleolimnological study ephippial densities sediments. This may explained possible attenuating calcium hardness (Elphick 2011). However, needed previous studies soft water, boreal shield lakes. Dugan's group quantifying modeling past 50 In special issue, presents papers: Rock model distinctive groundwater fed seepage located next highway Northern Wisconsin. By adjusting outdated box (Bowser 1992) account reservoirs soil, authors demonstrate why previously predicted 2020 Sparking Lake surpassed 50%, highlighting soil long-term reservoir second paper, they Michigan annually receives million metric tonnes main urbanized rivers Grand, St. Joseph, Fox, Kalamazoo, Milwaukee Rivers, If continue, could reach L−1 2050, decrease reproduction mortality Canadian Shield Ladwig investigate understudied salinities stratification north temperate delays spring turnover, prolonged periods, column stability during spring, summer, winter, critical anoxic hypolimnion summer. Impacts dissolved extend muddled deltas once persisted (Richardson impacted ponds, wetlands covered Shattuck (2022); Bolotin Kinsman-Costello (2022). Decades stream surface waters seasonal hydrologic variability. used Hampshire streams insights high-frequency sensors (15-min intervals) elucidate influences sources flooding events. Chloride threefold since 1953 site, often exceed relatively lax (230 seasons, surprisingly flood event reset up decade. predictive classification drivers precipitation, slope, salinity), managers track basins central western US. Predictive characterizing globe reference tools. review syndrome wetlands. limits understanding wetland biogeochemical processing N & P removal) service perform. Most focuses 2013; also face severe mainly withdrawal—for consumption—and (Oude Essink 2010; Mahmuduzzaman Dasgupta Mabrouk To problems facing sensitive dependent Pacific beyond, Dulai Hawaii discharge modify native macroalgal growth rates, branching patterns, ostensibly weaken ensuing competitive invasive macroalgae. Tidal marsh significantly affected seawater intrusion. Mobilian (2020) conducted multiyear, field manipulation microbial carbon cycling activity press rise—than pulses episodic intrusion). Osburn employed implications happen mouth estuaries toxic cyanobacterial blooms, those occur upstream eutrophic reservoirs, encounter flushed downstream ocean. Their indicate magnify harmful blooms mix ocean water. Changes macroalgae along continua lead predictable minimum intermediate 8 g L−1; Olli a) nitrogen measured indicator efficiency (RUE), functional redundancy RUE likely lower competition grazing). know interaction them modulate individual (Baillard Thompson Kefford call community-based tests rather single laboratories standards protection developed. Results reported new (algal, bacterial, fungal) respond reductions abundance, towards primary producers microbiota. Regional differences intra- inter-specific expected, it difficult multistressor environments. conclude better intensify change parts (Jeppesen 2015), vary regionally. For example, receiving large inputs melting glaciers, (Garcia-Eidell search impacts, effective adjust variability levels, additional contaminant pressures, precipitation patterns) costly thank Jim Cloern, Gesa Weyhenmeyer, Steven Perez, Wiley editorial team vital judicious assistance. reviewers who graciously gave time, expertise, advice helping improve issue manuscripts. Initiative, formed Network (GLEON) held acknowledge following funding supporting research, writing, editing: Natural Sciences Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant program (DG 03834-2015 SJM DG 05143-2016 AMD). MC supported Ramón y Cajal contract funded Spanish Ministry Innovation (RYC2020-029829-I). None declared.

Язык: Английский

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High-Frequency Data Provides Insight into Chloride Transport Pathways and Exceedances of Chronic Chloride Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life in Streams Impacted by Deicers

ACS ES&T Water, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(6), С. 2445 - 2457

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

Assessments of elevated stream chloride (Cl) concentrations ([Cl]), predominantly sourced from winter application road deicers across snow belt regions, are starting to use high-frequency data, more so in the United States (U.S.) than Canada. Here, [Cl] was derived specific conductance (SC) measurements nine streams draining urbanized subwatersheds around Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, between May 2020 and April 2021. We assess dynamics understand dominant transport pathways characterize water quality guideline exceedances ecological risk while comparing Canadian U.S. methodologies. These exhibited an alarming extent high as six exceeded short-term >90% both salting non-salting seasons. High-frequency revealed Cl-impacted groundwater maintaining baseflow [Cl], fast (e.g., sewers) drive pulses season episodic dilutions season. Application higher gave consistently lower exceedances. Its rolling averages data also obscures that reduce below thresholds may provide brief intervals refuge organisms. provided insight into Cl risk, though exceedance results sensitive methodology.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of salinization on aquatic communities: Abrupt vs. gradual exposures

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 285, С. 117636 - 117636

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Protist Diversity and Metabolic Strategy in Freshwater Lakes Are Shaped by Trophic State and Watershed Land Use on a Continental Scale

mSystems, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(4)

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2022

Protists play key roles in aquatic food webs as primary producers, predators, nutrient recyclers, and symbionts. However, a comprehensive view of protist diversity freshwaters has been challenged by the immense environmental heterogeneity among lakes worldwide. We assessed surface waters 366 freshwater across north temperate to subarctic range covering nearly 8.4 million km2 Canada. Sampled represented broad gradients size, trophic state, watershed land use. Hypereutrophic contained least diverse most distinct communities relative nutrient-poor lakes. Greater taxonomic variation eutrophic was mainly product heterotroph mixotroph diversity, whereas phototroph assemblages were more similar under high-nutrient conditions. Overall, local physicochemical factors, particularly ion concentrations, elicited strongest responses community structure, far outweighing effects geographic gradients. Despite their contrasting distribution patterns, obligate turnover predicted an overlapping set while metabolic plasticity mixotrophs may have made them less predictable. Notably, associated with soil pH agricultural crop coverage, pointing human impact on land-water interface that not previously identified studies smaller scales. Our study exposes importance both within-lake external characteristics explaining biogeography, critical information for further developing understanding how watersheds are impacted anthropogenic stressors. IMPORTANCE Freshwater experiencing rapid changes accelerated stress warming climate. Microorganisms underpin webs, yet little is known about microbial responding impact. Here, we protists myriad ecological varying size use pressures leveraging data from continental-scale survey Canadian found evidence through association lake state extending activity surrounding watershed. Furthermore, appeared explain distributions phototrophic heterotrophic ways. findings highlight vulnerability ecosystems increased assessing terrestrial interfaces elucidate ecosystem dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of salinity and N : P on N‐rich toxins by both an N‐fixing and non‐N‐fixing cyanobacteria

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 162 - 172

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing increased salinization. Adaptive management of harmful algal blooms (HABs) contributes to eutrophication/salinization interactions through the hydrologic transport coastal environments. We examined how nutrients and salinity interact affect growth, elemental composition, cyanotoxin production/release in two common HAB genera. Microcystis aeruginosa (non‐nitrogen [N]‐fixer microcystin‐LR producer [MC‐LR]) Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae (N‐fixer cylindrospermopsin [CYN]) were grown N : phosphorus (N P) 4 50 (by atom) for 21 33 d, respectively, then dosed with a gradient (0–10.5 g L −1 ). Both total MC‐LR CYN correlated particulate N. found production release was affected by only P treatment. However, regardless availability. Our results highlight across freshwater–marine continuum controlled ecophysiological differences between N‐acquisition traits.

Язык: Английский

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Salinization of Alpine rivers during winter months

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(6), С. 7295 - 7306

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2020

Abstract Human-induced (i.e., secondary) salinization affects aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. While agriculture or resource extraction are the main drivers of secondary in arid semi-arid regions world, application deicing road salt winter can be an important source salts entering freshwaters cold regions. Alpine rivers probably affected by salinization, especially highly populated mountain regions, although this remains to explored. In study, we analyzed multi-year conductance time series from four European Alps demonstrated that is linked peaking rivers’ salinity levels during late winter/early spring. Especially small catchments with more urban surfaces close rivers, increased constant low-flow periods was less correlated discharge than summer. Thus, our results suggest connected infrastructures prone considerable peaks Given low natural level salinities might significantly recorded changes conductance, potential consequences on functioning. Thereby, urge research community assess impact call for implementation management practices prevent degradation these pristine valuable ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Interactive effects of increased salinity and heatwaves on freshwater zooplankton communities in simultaneous and sequential treatments

Freshwater Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 67(9), С. 1604 - 1617

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022

Abstract Elevated lake chloride concentration has been observed in many regions, due to human activities such as mining, agriculture, and urbanisation. Meanwhile, lakes are also experiencing increasing frequency intensity of heatwaves. The combination elevated salinity heatwaves not thoroughly studied freshwater communities, limiting our ability predict outcomes future disturbances. We conducted a mesocosm experiment investigate the individual interactive effects increased on zooplankton community. combined two stressors were examined scenarios: when they occurred simultaneously heatwave was preceded by an 8‐week increase salinity. expected see synergistic effect applied simultaneously, organisms might experience energy deficiency physiological changes caused stress be overwhelmed heat treatment. When sequentially, we them act independently trigger different responses homeostasis may have already recovered from previous salt exposure influence organism's response subsequent stressor. Individually, conditions both impaired communities with largest copepod nauplii cladocerans. Together, these antagonistic total abundance biomass simultaneous sequential scenarios, being similar salt‐only effects. Our illustrates potential for hidden occur salinisation. findings suggested that negatively impacted some taxonomic groups, at community level, acted antagonistically occurrence 3‐day did cause any additional loss or regardless whether exposed scenario. illustrated even decoupled time, could still influenced

Язык: Английский

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Graph-Based Deep Learning Model for Forecasting Chloride Concentration in Urban Streams to Protect Salt-Vulnerable Areas

Environments, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(9), С. 157 - 157

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

In cold-climate regions, road salt is used as a deicer for winter maintenance. The applied melts ice and snow on roads can be washed off through storm sewer systems into nearby urban streams, harming the freshwater ecosystem. Therefore, aiming to develop precise accurate model determine future chloride concentration in Credit River Ontario, Canada, present work makes use of “Graph Neural Network”–“Sample Aggregate” (GNN-SAGE). proposed GNN-SAGE compared other models, including Deep Network-based transformer (DNN-Transformer) benchmarking persistence 6 h forecasting horizon. surpassed both DNN-Transformer model, achieving RMSE R2 values 51.16 ppb 0.88, respectively. Additionally, SHAP analysis provides insight variables that influence model’s forecasting, showing impact spatiotemporal neighboring data from network seasonality result. shows potential real-time water quality aiding development regulatory policies protect vulnerable ecosystems areas.

Язык: Английский

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