Upgrading biomass to high-added value chemicals: synthesis of monoterpenes-based compounds using catalytic green chemical pathways

Catalysis Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 126

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Monoterpenes derived from various biomass constitute an important platform for synthesizing fragrances, intermediates, and pharmaceuticals. In this review, the most recent relevant transformations of terpenes are discussed with primary focus on heterogeneous catalysis emphasizing green chemistry chemical engineering aspects. This review aims to outline significant advancements in particular importance academic industrial research. is accomplished by highlighting pivotal reactions, including oxidation, epoxidation, hydroformylation, CO2 cycloaddition, isomerization, condensation, one-pot synthesis (such as tandem telescopic reactions), using catalytic routes that have been published literature last decade. The provides insights catalyst design mentioned above tailoring selectivity highlights structure–activity relationship.

Язык: Английский

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Copper Molybdate-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid: A Heterogeneous Approach for Biofuel Synthesis

Catalysts, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4), С. 357 - 357

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2025

The catalytic esterification of levulinic acid (LA) to methyl levulinate (ML) was investigated using copper molybdate (Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2) as a heterogeneous catalyst. catalyst, synthesized via chemical precipitation, exhibited monoclinic structure with self-assembled nanoplates forming spherical mesostructures. Structural characterization confirmed its high crystallinity, while textural analysis revealed BET surface area 70.55 m2 g−1 pore sizes in the nanometric range (1–6 nm). performance systematically evaluated under varying reaction conditions, including temperature, catalyst dosage, time, methanol-to-LA molar ratio, alcohol type, and reusability. Optimal conversion 99.3% achieved at 100 °C, 1:20 5% loading, time 4 h. Comparative other catalysts demonstrated superior efficiency stability Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2, minimal activity loss over four reuse cycles (final 77.1%). Mechanistic insights suggest that is attributed Lewis Brønsted sites, facilitating efficient esterification. This study underscores potential sustainable recyclable for biofuel additive synthesis, advancing green chemistry strategies biomass valorization.

Язык: Английский

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Versatile Heterogeneous Catalytic System for the Selective Synthesis of Limonene Epoxide and Diepoxide

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 62(47), С. 20152 - 20169

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

The products obtained from limonene epoxidation can be used as intermediates or precursors in organic and pharmaceutical synthesis. Commercial magnesium oxide was evaluated a heterogeneous catalyst the of R-(+)-limonene using H2O2 Payne reaction system, acetonitrile an oxidant activator water acetone solvents. effect temperature concentration catalyst, H2O2, were evaluated; highest yields for epoxide (80%) diepoxide (96%) found at 50 °C 30 min 2 h, respectively. Fresh spent catalysts characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, Fourier transform-infrared, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray. efficiency varied between 100 20% time range 0–30 all tested conditions. production peroxyacetimidic acid intermediate synthesis described pseudohomogeneous reversible model (E = 58.61 kJ mol–1), while describes both decomposition 29.06 mol–1) with 52.28 mol–1). Leaching tests verified heterogeneity MgO which four consecutive cycles.

Язык: Английский

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Vegetal Oil Transesterification Using Tetranuclear Zinc-Diterpene Clusters as the Catalysts

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1), С. 78 - 88

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Organic natural products, particularly vegetal secondary metabolites, represent a highlighted source for molecules usable many purposes, including synthesizing catalysts. Biocompatible metals can yield interesting coordination complexes to provide sustainable and valuable compounds. In the present paper, unique in their class (μ4-oxo)-hexakis(μ2-beyerenate)-tetra-zinc(II) (1) (μ4-oxo)-hexakis(μ2-kaurenate)-tetra-zinc(II) (2) are suggested as eco-friendly catalysts transesterification reactions. The heterogeneous/homogeneous catalytic potential of 1 2 was revealed using olive oil an equilibrated saturated-unsaturated fatty acid mixture methanol nucleophile solvent. Systematic variations reaction conditions were achieved herein, temperature, catalyst mass, volume, time, allowing up 97% process. FAME product characterized 1H NMR GC-MS, calorific value 33.72 MJ/kg concordant with literature. thermogravimetric, powder X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy experiments complemented properties before after tests. This finding suggests that products ligands new ecological from industry scientific research crucial chemical Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published BCREC Publishing Group. is open access article under CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Язык: Английский

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Mesostructured Silica–Zirconia–Tungstophosphoric Acid Composites as Catalyst in Calcium Channel Blocker Nifedipine Synthesis

Catalysts, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(6), С. 537 - 537

Опубликована: Май 28, 2025

This work studies the effect of mesostructured silica–zirconia–tungstophosphoric acid (SiO2-ZrO2-TPA) composites used as catalysts in synthesis nifedipine by Hantzsch methodology. The selectivity for is determined, along with that secondary products may form depending on reaction conditions. materials were synthesized via sol–gel method and characterized N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-MAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), photoelectron spectra (XPS), potentiometric titration. characterization results from XPS showed Si/Zr ratio drops, Si-O-Si signal size decreases, while Zr-O increases. Characterization titration indicated an increase total acidity material, resulting support modification tungstophosphoric (H3PW12O40, TPA), enhances yield. catalytic activity solvent-free was evaluated under thermal heating microwave irradiation. experiments conducted at 80 °C achieved a maximum yield 57% after 4 h using Si20Zr80TPA30 catalyst (50 mg), heating, significantly improved, reaching 77% only 1 reaction. exhibited stability reusability without significant loss up to third cycle. Depending type material conditions, it possible modify reaction, obtaining 1,2-dihydropyridine isomeric nifedipine. Reaction intermediates other minor be formed process also evaluated.

Язык: Английский

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Kinetic modeling of microwave-assisted esterification for biofuel additive production: conversion of levulinic acid with pentanol using Dowex® 50WX8 catalyst

Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 137(4), С. 2081 - 2103

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

Abstract This study explores the esterification of levulinic acid with 1-pentanol, employing Dowex® 50WX8 as a catalyst under microwave irradiation. Key parameters such pentanol/acid molar ratio, temperature, and loading were evaluated utilized for kinetic modeling. The behavior reaction was investigated using dual-model approach: pseudo-homogeneous model to account effect catalytic contributions modeled through LHHW Eley–Rideal mechanisms. best chosen based on statistical results obtained from Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, which involved an surface limiting step, resulting in activation energy 50.6 kJ mol −1 synthesis pentyl levulinate. role alcohol route explained, stability confirmed, maintaining activity over multiple cycles. absence mass transfer limitations proved Weisz–Prater criterion. A plausible pathway proposed catalyst. Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis of dihydrocarvone over dendritic ZSM-5 Zeolite: A comprehensive study of experimental, kinetics, and computational insights

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 498, С. 155377 - 155377

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Advancement in the Structures/Characteristics of Potassium and Aluminium Based Polyoxometalates’and Their Applications in Organic Reactions

Chemistry Africa, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(8), С. 4157 - 4173

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Biobased synthesis of butyl levulinate from levulinic acid by using CTAB-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent as a catalyst

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Trifloaluminate Ionic Liquids Supported UIO‐67 as Lewis Acidic Catalyst for Excellent Synthesis of Alkyl Levulinates

ChemistrySelect, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(43)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023

Abstract Herein, levulinate acid esters (LAEs) were efficiently synthesized from the α‐angelica lactone (α‐AL) esterification with trifloaluminate ionic liquids supported UIO‐67 MOF as Lewis acidic catalyst. A series of catalysts varied loading prepared via post‐modification method and exhibited excellent catalytic activity for α‐AL esterification. Remarkable conversion (100 %) LAEs selectivity (>99 achieved by (0.2 mol 12.4 %, (UIO‐67‐TFA) at 70 °C 90 min. The UIO‐67‐TFA catalyst can be reused least 5 cycles without significant loss activity. fully characterized XRD, SEM, XPS, TGA, IR, N 2 physisorption, etc. results indicated that well‐distributed active sites, high BET surface area, good thermal stability could contribute to its

Язык: Английский

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