Externally controlled atom transfer radical polymerization

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 47(14), С. 5457 - 5490

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2018

ATRP can be externally controlled by electrical current, light, mechanical forces and various chemical reducing agents. The mechanistic aspects preparation of polymers with complex functional architectures their applications are critically reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Trends in Catalytic Polymerizations

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(12), С. 11153 - 11188

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2019

Polymers have become one of the largest and most important materials we use in daily life. Their popularity has stemmed from their wide range material properties combined with low cost production. Both these attractive traits part been enabled by development catalytic polymerizations, which provide both high levels control while also delivering productivity. In this Perspective, highlight recent trends achievements made growing field polymerizations.

Язык: Английский

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Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(1), С. 442 - 564

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021

Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers been long missing these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies characterization enabled the unambiguous realization covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs 2D methods. Three predominant emerged date, which produce either monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss fundamental understanding scope each approaches, including: bond-forming reactions used, synthetic diversity prepared, their stacking behaviors, nanoscale mesoscale structures, macroscale morphologies. Additionally, describe analytical tools currently available characterize various isolated forms. Finally, emergent 2DP properties potential applications planar macromolecules. Throughout, highlight achievements identify opportunities for continued study.

Язык: Английский

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Olefins and Vinyl Polar Monomers: Bridging the Gap for Next Generation Materials

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 58(36), С. 12370 - 12391

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2019

Abstract The inherent differences in reactivity between activated and non‐activated alkenes prevents copolymerization using established polymer synthesis techniques. Research over the past 20 years has greatly advanced of polar vinyl monomers olefins. This Review highlights challenges associated with conventional polymerization systems evaluates most relevant methods which have been developed to “bridge gap” We discuss advancements heteroatom tolerant coordination–insertion polymerizations, controlling radical polymerizations incorporate olefinic monomers, as well combined approaches employing sequential polymerizations. Finally, we state‐of‐the‐art stimuli‐responsive capable facile switching catalytic pathways provide an outlook towards applications tailored copolymers are ideally suited.

Язык: Английский

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Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 120(5), С. 2950 - 3048

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2020

The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities regulate polymerizations terms of process intensification spatial temporal controls. Gas emerging regulator plays a distinctive role controlling resembles some cases. This review provides systematic overview seven types external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth step-growth polymerization. A detailed account the relevant mechanism kinetics is provided better understand each field In addition, given crucial modeling simulation mechanisms investigation, model construction typical numerical methods used this well highlights interaction between experiment toward existing systems given. At end, limitations future perspectives for critically discussed. state-of-the-art research progress not only fundamental principles underlying also stimulates new development methods.

Язык: Английский

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Wood‐Derived Functional Polymeric Materials

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 33(28)

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2020

In recent years, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developing wood-derived functional polymeric materials due their distinctive properties, including environmental friendliness, renewability, and biodegradability. Thus, the uniqueness of main components in wood (cellulose lignin) has attracted enormous interest for both fundamental research practical applications. Herein, emerging field fabricated by means macromolecular engineering is reviewed, covering basic structures properties components, design principle utilize these resulting terms elastomers, hydrogels, aerogels, nanoparticles. detail, natural features significant roles fabrication are emphasized. Furthermore, utilization controlled/living polymerization, click chemistry, dynamic bonds etc., modification specifically discussed from perspective molecular design, together with sequential assembly into different morphologies. The functionalities mainly focused on self-healing shape-memory abilities, adsorption, conduction, etc. Finally, challenges presented, as well potential solutions or directions develop green scalable materials.

Язык: Английский

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Two‐Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(7)

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2022

Abstract Two‐photon polymerization (TPP) has become a premier state‐of‐the‐art method for microscale fabrication of bespoke polymeric devices and surfaces. With applications ranging from the production optical, drug delivery, tissue engineering, microfluidic devices, TPP grown immensely in past two decades. Significantly, field expanded standard acrylate‐ epoxy‐based photoresists to custom formulated monomers designed change hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, mechanical properties, more resulting structures. This review explains essentials TPP, its initial conception through operating principles advanced chemical modification strategies materials. At outset, fundamental chemistries radical cationic are described, along with used tailor functional properties. then describes systems introduces an array commonly including hard polyacrylic resins, soft hydrogel acrylic esters, epoxides, organic/inorganic hybrid Specific examples each class—including chemically modified photoresists—are described inform understanding their fields tissue‐engineering scaffolds, micromedical, delivery devices.

Язык: Английский

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Precision polymer synthesis by controlled radical polymerization: Fusing the progress from polymer chemistry and reaction engineering

Progress in Polymer Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 130, С. 101555 - 101555

Опубликована: Май 7, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Reversed Controlled Polymerization (RCP): Depolymerization from Well-Defined Polymers to Monomers

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 145(18), С. 9898 - 9915

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Controlled polymerization methods are well-established synthetic protocols for the design and preparation of polymeric materials with a high degree precision over molar mass architecture. Exciting recent work has shown that end-group fidelity and/or functionality inherent in these techniques can enable new routes to depolymerization under relatively mild conditions. Converting polymers back pure monomers by is potential solution environmental ecological concerns associated ultimate fate polymers. This perspective focuses on emerging field from synthesized controlled polymerizations including radical, ionic, metathesis polymerizations. We provide critical review current literature categorized according technique explore numerous concepts ideas which could be implemented further enhance lower temperature systems, catalytic depolymerization, increasing polymer scope, depolymerization.

Язык: Английский

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Linear, Graft, and Beyond: Multiblock Copolymers as Next-Generation Compatibilizers

JACS Au, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(2), С. 310 - 321

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Properly addressing the global issue of unsustainable plastic waste generation and accumulation will require a confluence technological breakthroughs on various fronts. Mechanical recycling into polymer blends is one method expected to contribute solution. Due phase separation individual components, mechanical mixed streams generally results in an unsuitable material with substantially reduced performance. However, when appropriately designed compatibilizer used, recycled blend can have competitive properties virgin materials. In its current state, compatibilization usually not cost-effective compared traditional management, but further technical development optimization be essential for driving future cost competitiveness. Historically, effective compatibilizers been diblock copolymers or situ generated graft copolymers, recent progress shows there great potential multiblock copolymer compatibilizers. this perspective, we lay out advances synthesis understanding two types currently being developed as compatibilizers: linear graft. Importantly, studies shown them efficiently compatibilize model binary at concentrations low ∼0.2 wt %. These investigations pave way more complex (ternary higher) that novel architectures. Given outlined here, believe offer practical promising solution help close loop waste. While complete discussion implementation technology would entail infrastructural, policy, social developments, they are outside scope perspective which instead focuses design considerations advancements block

Язык: Английский

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