Energetic Materials Frontiers,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
4(2), С. 57 - 62
Опубликована: Май 18, 2023
Two
new
tetrazole
ligands
were
designed
and
synthesized
using
simple
methods
in
this
study,
namely
1H-tetrazole-5-carbohydrazide
(HCHT,
1)
2-amino-5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
(HAOT,
2).
Their
solvent-free
potassium
salts
[K(CHT)]n
(3)
[K(AOT)]n
(4)
are
two-dimensional
energetic
metal-organic
frameworks
(EMOFs),
their
structures
characterized
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR),
infrared
spectroscopy
(IR),
mass
spectrometry
(MS),
elemental
analysis
(EA),
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction
(SXRD).
Both
compounds
3
4
exhibit
high
decomposition
temperatures
(Td)
of
314
°C
310
°C,
respectively
highly
insensitive
to
impact
friction
stimuli
(IS
>
40
J,
FS
360
N).
The
detonation
velocity
pressure
calculated
at
9141
m
s−1
29.0
GPa,
respectively,
those
determined
8423
24.5
respectively.
Furthermore,
intermolecular
interactions
analyzed
2D
fingerprint
plots
with
associated
Hirshfeld
surfaces.
In
manner,
two
thermally
stable
EMOFs
developed
based
on
ligands.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Abstract
Achieving
high
energy
release
of
aluminum
(Al)
and
ammonium
perchlorate
(AP)
is
significant
importance
in
the
realm
materials.
In
this
work,
integrated
Al@AP/GO‐CHZ‐M
(M
=
Co
2+
or
Ni
)
composites
are
successfully
synthesized
through
an
design
precise
catalysis
approach.
The
Al@AP/Co
exhibit
fast
decomposition,
with
a
76.6
°C
reduction
decomposition
temperature
66.0%
increase
heat
compared
to
Al+AP
mixture
counterpart.
From
kinetic
perspective,
activation
for
largely
decreased
by
215.5
kJ
mol
−1
(−67.4%)
its
kinetics
shifted
autocatalytic
model.
Transition
metals
GO‐CHZ‐M
facilitate
proton
transfer
during
AP,
significantly
increasing
yield
low‐valence
nitrogen
oxides.
ignition
Al@AP/M
enhanced,
37.2
ms
(−40.2%)
delay
6.6‐fold
radiation
intensity
over
Al+AP.
change
from
deflagration
physical
detonation
further
suggests
release.
Furthermore,
mechanism
on
enhancement
Al@AP
elucidated.
This
approach
holds
broad
application
prospects
fields
solid
propellants,
aluminized
explosives,
micro‐thrusters,
pyrotechnics
systems.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 9, 2025
Tetrazole-based
energetic
materials
have
received
extensive
attention
from
researchers
due
to
their
high
heats
of
formation
and
nitrogen
contents.
In
this
work,
a
novel
tricyclic
tetrazole
compound
linked
by
C–C
C–N
bonds
was
synthesized
for
the
first
time,
series
salts
(1–4)
were
prepared.
addition,
2,2′-bis(dinitromethyl)-2H,2′H-5,2′-5,5′-tertetrazole
(DNTBT)
assembling
dinitromethyl
with
tetrazole.
Among
them,
six
compounds
further
determined
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction
analysis.
And
theoretical
calculations
demonstrate
that
all
exhibit
positive
heat
formation.
The
target
are
much
greater
than
those
RDX,
HMX,
CL-20.
computational
results
indicate
DNTBT
(D
=
9580
m·s–1,
P
39.2
GPa)
its
ionic
6
9038
34.4
GPa),
7
9178
35.2
8
9297
37.7
superior
detonation
performance
compared
HMX
8795
34.9
comparable
RDX
9144
GPa).
This
work
provides
guidance
future
in
developing
high-energy-density
materials.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(51), С. 61357 - 61364
Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021
Polynitro
compounds
exhibit
high
density
and
good
oxygen
balance,
which
are
desirable
for
energetic
material
applications,
but
their
syntheses
often
very
challenging.
Now,
the
design
of
a
new
three-dimensional
(3D)
metal-organic
framework
(EMOF)
high-energy-density
materials
(HEDMs)
with
thermal
stabilities
detonation
properties
based
on
polynitro
pyrazole
reported.
Dipotassium
3,5-bis(dinitromethyl)-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole
(5)
exhibits
3D
EMOF
structure
stability
(202
°C),
2.15
g
cm-3
at
100
K
(2.10
298
K)
in
combination
superior
performance
(Dv
=
7965
m
s-1,
P
29.3
GPa).
Dihydrazinium
(7)
1.88
(1.83
(218
owing
to
presence
hydrogen-bonding
networks.
Its
velocity
(8931
s-1)
pressure
(35.9
GPa)
considerably
those
1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine
(RDX).
The
results
highlight
HEDM
five
nitro
groups
as
potential
materials.
Dalton Transactions,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
51(25), С. 9894 - 9904
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
Two
bimetallic
complexes
of
4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole,
[K2Mn(DNPO)2(H2O)4]n·2H2O
(BMEP-1)
and
[K2Zn(DNPO)2(H2O)6]n
(BMEP-2),
were
synthesized
characterized
by
IR
spectroscopy
elemental
analysis.
The
crystal
structures
BMEP-1
BMEP-2
determined
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction.
It
is
noteworthy
that
these
presented
different
metal-organic
frameworks.
thermal
behaviors
investigated
differential
scanning
calorimetry
thermogravimetric
analysis
measurements.
These
exhibited
high
stability
(348.0
°C
331.0
°C)
due
to
their
large
coordination
bonds
three-dimensional
interconnected
structure.
catalytic
performances
on
the
decomposition
ammonium
perchlorate
TGA-DSC,
TGA-FTIR,
non-isothermal
kinetic
analyses.
results
showed
excellent
performance
in
perchlorate.
Notably,
there
was
only
a
single
exothermic
peak
at
302.6
318.6
°C,
activation
energy
values
decreased
123.88
kJ
mol-1
128.43
mol-1,
respectively.
TGA-FTIR
BMEP-2,
as
effective
components
catalysis,
will
promote
production
H2O,
N2O,
NO2,
HCl
advance,
during
are
expected
be
two
candidate
additives
for
composite
solid
propellants.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(36), С. 24188 - 24194
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
H4
(
T
d
=
365
°C,
D
8844
m
s
−1
)
synthesized
in
this
work
possesses
both
super
heat
resistance
and
high
explosive
properties,
strongly
supporting
it
as
a
candidate
for
advanced
ultra
heat-resistant
explosives.
Inorganic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
62(42), С. 17199 - 17206
Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023
Energetic
materials
have
been
widely
applied
in
civil
and
military
fields,
whose
thermostability
is
a
key
indicator
to
evaluate
their
safety
levels
under
severe
conditions.
Herein,
two
novel
energetic
metal-organic
frameworks
(EMOFs),
namely,
4
6,
were
experimentally
obtained
comprehensively
characterized.
The
EMOFs
both
possess
unique
three-dimensional
(3D)
coordination
structures.
With
high
crystal
density
of
2.184
g·cm-3,
EMOF
exhibits
outstandingly
superior
(onset:
290
°C;
peak:
303
°C),
while
6
features
onset
peak
decomposition
temperatures
220
230
°C.
calculated
parameters
are
as
follows:
detonation
velocity:
8731
m·s-1
8294
m·s-1;
pressure:
26.5
26.4
GPa.
Compared
energy,
excellent
thermostability,
low
mechanical
sensitivities,
which
should
be
partly
attributed
more
plentiful
interactions.
More
bonds
conducive
strengthening
the
framework,
needs
much
energy
collapse,
thereby
maintaining
higher
thermal
stability.
above
favorable
characteristics
not
only
indicate
has
promising
future
applications
thermostable
explosive
but
also
provide
an
effective
feasible
strategy
for
developing
heat-resistant
via
reinforced
frame
structures
EMOFs.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(28), С. 32084 - 32095
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2022
Alkali
and
alkaline-earth
metal
salts
with
3,4-dinitropyrazole
(DNP)
were
synthesized
by
the
reaction
of
DNP
stoichiometric
amounts
corresponding
hydroxide-,
oxide-,
or
carbonate-based
highly
pure
salts,
products
fully
characterized.
Determination
single-crystal
structures
all
new
complexes
except
for
lithium
strontium
was
performed
X-ray
diffraction
techniques.
The
cesium
salt
crystallized
no
water
among
them.
Differential
scanning
calorimetry
(DSC)
thermogravimetric
analysis
(TGA)
manifested
that
these
have
satisfactory
thermal
stabilities
decomposition
temperatures
above
210
°C.
They
also
showed
there
exists
strong
bonding
lattices,
which
disappeared
at
equal
to
115
°C
MES-3,
MES-4,
MES-9.
In
addition,
percentage
contents
confirmed
using
DSC
TGA
methods.
constant-volume
combustion
heats
containing
anions
measured
an
oxygen
bomb
calorimeter
due
their
expectant
interest
in
energetic
materials,
standard
molar
formation
enthalpies
obtained.
investigated
found
be
insensitive
toward
friction
impact.
Findings
burning
tests
experimental
formulations
MES-1,
MES-7,
MES-8,
MES-9
certify
four
might
more
promising
candidates
application
green
pyrotechnics.
