Zwitterionic fused pyrazolo-triazole based high performing energetic materials

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 60(12), С. 1646 - 1649

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A series of nitrogen-rich fused energetic materials were synthesized from commercially available inexpensive starting and fully characterized using 1 H 13 C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, DSC.

Язык: Английский

---

Highly Promising Primary Explosive: A Metal-Free, Fluoro-Substituted Azo-Triazole with Unmatched Safety and Performance

JACS Au, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(2), С. 1031 - 1038

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

A primary explosive is a perfect chemical compound for starting ignition in military and commercial uses. Over the past century, quest lead-free, environmentally friendly explosives has been significant challenge long-standing goal. Here, an innovative organic explosive, (E)-1,2-bis(3-azido-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazene (4), designed synthesized through straightforward three-step reaction from commercially available reagents. Importantly, this integrated two trifluoromethyl azido groups into N,N′-azo-1,2,4-triazole backbone to enhance performance safety. With combination, it meets stringent criteria safer, explosives: being metal perchlorate-free, possessing high density, excellent priming ability, unique sensitivities nonexplosive stimuli. It shows robust environmental resistance, good thermal stability, effective detonation also can be effectively initiated with laser. Moreover, test, 4 successfully detonated 500 mg of PETN ultralow minimum primer charge (MPC) 40 mg, similar traditional LA (MPC: mg) outperforming metal-free ICM-103 60 DDNP 70 mg). The power, combined its synthesis, cost-effectiveness, easy large-scale manufacturing, makes superior alternative currently used such as lead azide (LA) diazodinitrophenol (DDNP).

Язык: Английский

---

High-performing, insensitive and thermally stable energetic materials from zwitterionicgem-dinitromethyl substituted C–C bonded 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(29), С. 4324 - 4327

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

A series of gem-dinitromethyl substituted zwitterionic C-C bonded azole based energetic materials (3-8) were designed, synthesized, and characterized through NMR, IR, EA, DSC studies. Further, the structure 5 was confirmed with SCXRD those 6 8 15N NMR. All newly synthesized molecules exhibited higher density, good thermal stability, excellent detonation performance, low mechanical sensitivity to external stimuli such as impact friction. Among all, compounds 7 may serve ideal secondary high energy density due their remarkable decomposition (200 °C 186 °C), insensitivity (>30 J), velocity (9248 m s-1 8861 s-1) pressure (32.7 GPa 32.1 GPa). Additionally, melting temperatures 3 (Tm = 92 °C, Td 242 °C) indicate that it can be used a melt-cast explosive. The novelty, synthetic feasibility, performance all suggest they potential explosives in defence civilian fields.

Язык: Английский

---

A zwitterionic fused-ring framework as a new platform for heat-resistant energetic materials

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(17), С. 10050 - 10058

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A zwitterionic fused-ring based energetic material (ZDPT) was prepared. ZDPT has excellent thermal stability ( T d = 347 °C ) and great detonation velocity D 8390 m s −1 ), which endow with potential as a heat-resistant material.

Язык: Английский

---

Single Step Synthesis of gem-Dinitro Methyl-1,2,4-triazole and Its Hydroxylamine Salt: An Alternative to the FOX-7 and Other Benchmark Explosives

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(22), С. 4788 - 4792

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

gem-Dinitro methyl based high-energy-density material 5-(dinitromethylene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (2) and its hydroxylamine salt (4) were synthesized for the first time in a single step characterized. Further, structure of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. Interestengly, both compounds show excellent density (> 1.83 g cm-3), detonation velocity 8700 m s–1), pressure 30 GPa) are insensitive toward mechanical stimuli such as impact friction sensitivity. Considering their synthetic fesibility balanced energetic performance, 4 future prospects potential next-generation materials replacenent many presently used benchmark high energy RDX, FOX-7 highly H-FOX.

Язык: Английский

---

Construction and Modification of Nitrogen-Rich Polycyclic Frameworks: A Promising Fused Tricyclic Host–Guest Energetic Material with Heat Resistance, High Energy, and Low Sensitivity

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(27), С. 35232 - 35244

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

The construction and modification of novel energetic frameworks to achieve an ideal balance between high energy density good stability are a continuous pursuit for researchers. In this work, fused [5,6,5]-tricyclic framework was utilized as the host encapsulate oxidant molecules first time. A series new pyridazine-based [5,6] [5,6,5] polycyclic nitrogen-rich skeletons their derivatives were designed synthesized. Two strategies, amino oxidation host-guest inclusion, used modify skeleton in only one step. All compounds exhibit comprehensive properties (

Язык: Английский

---

Nitroimino as an energetic group in designing energetic materials for practical use, a tautomerism from nitroamino

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(26), С. 13876 - 13888

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Hydrogen transfer from nitroamino to nitroimino promotes density, energy and safety of energetic materials suggesting excellent application prospects in designing next generation high density materials.

Язык: Английский

---

Controlling the Energetic Properties of N-Methylene-C-Linked 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole- and Tetrazole-Based Compounds via a Selective Mono- and Dicationic Salt Formation Strategy

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 88(21), С. 15085 - 15096

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2023

In the quest to synthesize high-performing insensitive high-energy density materials (HEDMs), main challenge is establishing an equilibrium between energy and stability. For this purpose, we explored 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole- tetrazole-based energetic scaffolds connected via a N-methylene-C bridge. The hydroxy functionality nitro groups on pyrazole ring promotes physical stability inter- intramolecular hydrogen bonding contributes oxygen balance, supporting better performance. Due two acidic sites (OH NH) with different reactivities, series of monocationic dicationic salts were synthesized, their overall performance was compared. All compounds synthesized in study have high impact sensitivity >40 J friction >360 N. Monocationic generally found thermal respect corresponding salts, which showed salt formation strategy effectively improved 2 (Td = 168 °C), where most decomposition temperatures higher than 220 °C. characterized through IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), elemental analysis. structure-property relationship studied using Hirshfeld surface analysis, noncovalent interaction (NCI) electrostatic potential studies.

Язык: Английский

---

Synthesis of Advanced Pyrazole and N–N-Bridged Bistriazole-Based Secondary High-Energy Materials

Organic Letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(48), С. 8606 - 8610

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

In this work, we have synthesized 3,5-dihydrazinyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (2), 9-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,2-c:5,1-c']bis([1,2,4]triazole)-3,6-diamine (3), and N-N-bonded N,N'-{[4,4'-bi(1,2,4-triazole)]-3,3'-diyl}dinitramide (5) its stable nitrogen-rich energetic salts in one two steps quantitative yields from commercially available inexpensive starting material 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (1). Along with characterization via nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis, the structures of 2 4-8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, 5-8 show excellent thermal stability (242, 221, 250, 242 °C, respectively) compared to that RDX (210 °C). Detonation velocities 2, 4, 6, 7 range 8992 9069 m s-1, which are better than (8878 s-1) close HMX (9221 s-1). All these compounds insensitive impact (10-35 J) friction (360 N) sensitivity. These performances, stabilities, synthetic feasibilities make promising candidates as secondary explosives potential replacements for presently used benchmark HMX.

Язык: Английский

---

Bis(dinitropyrazolyl)methanes spruced up with hydroxyl groups: high performance energetic salts with reduced sensitivity

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(95), С. 14110 - 14113

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Superior derivatives of bispyrazolylmethanes, bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazolyl)methane and its high-performance energetic salts, were synthesized characterized.

Язык: Английский

---