Nanoparticles in Subunit Vaccines: Immunological Foundations, Categories, and Applications
Small,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024
Abstract
Subunit
vaccines,
significant
in
next‐generation
vaccine
development,
offer
precise
targeting
of
immune
responses
by
focusing
on
specific
antigens.
However,
this
precision
often
comes
at
the
cost
eliciting
strong
and
durable
immunity,
posing
a
great
challenge
to
design.
To
address
limitation,
recent
advancements
nanoparticles
(NPs)
are
utilized
enhance
antigen
delivery
efficiency
boost
efficacy.
This
review
examines
how
physicochemical
properties
NPs
influence
various
stages
response
during
analyzes
different
NP
types
contribute
activation
performance.
It
then
explores
unique
characteristics
mechanisms
these
NPs,
along
with
their
advancements,
highlights
application
subunit
vaccines
infectious
diseases
cancer.
Finally,
it
discusses
challenges
NP‐based
development
proposes
future
directions
for
innovation
promising
field.
Язык: Английский
Direct High-Throughput Fabrication of Meta-Fiber Composites with High Strength and Malleable Toughness via Bioinspired Assemble-Spinning Strategy
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(20), С. 12854 - 12865
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Synthetic
plastics
have
reshaped
the
Earth
and
human
life
by
providing
enhanced
convenience.
However,
accumulation
of
non-biodegradable
white
plastic
waste
imposes
significant
economic
burdens.
Biodegradable
polylactic
acid
(PLA)
emerged
as
eco-friendly
sustainable
alternatives.
Yet,
their
application
in
industry
is
limited
inherent
brittleness
poor
processability.
Inspired
binary
interface-structured
fibril/wall
configurations
natural
lotus
peduncles,
we
address
this
challenge
through
a
high-throughput
assembly
spinning
strategy
to
synthesize
multi-island/shell
interface-engineered
PLA/polybutylene
adipate
terephthalate
(PBAT)
meta-composite
fibers.
These
meta-fibers
exhibit
numerous
one-dimensional
parallel
fibril
"buffer"
layers
bridged
"wall"
layers,
which
synchronously
enhance
strength
(55.32
MPa)
ductile
toughness
(elongation
at
break
improved
166%).
Furthermore,
fluffy
sponges
with
coral-like
nanofiber
structures
obtained
via
solvent
induction
isotropic
porous
configurations,
demonstrating
promising
performance
oil–water
separation
(efficiency
99.9%
an
ultrahigh
flux
3324.12
L
m–2
h–1)
thermal
insulation.
This
fabrication
paves
way
for
multifunctional,
high-performance
bioplastic
fibers
composites,
offering
potential
environmental
industrial
applications.
Язык: Английский
Emerging Cationic Nanovaccines
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(11), С. 1362 - 1362
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024
Cationic
vaccines
of
nanometric
sizes
can
directly
perform
the
delivery
antigen(s)
and
immunomodulator(s)
to
dendritic
cells
in
lymph
nodes.
The
positively
charged
nanovaccines
are
taken
up
by
antigen-presenting
(APCs)
lymphatic
system
often
originating
cellular
immunological
defense
required
fight
intracellular
microbial
infections
proliferation
cancers.
molecules
imparting
positive
charges
exhibit
a
dose-dependent
toxicity
which
needs
be
systematically
addressed.
Against
coronavirus,
mRNA
cationic
evolved
rapidly.
Nowadays
have
been
formulated
against
several
with
advantage
compounds
granting
protection
nucleic
acids
vivo
biodegradation
nucleases.
Up
threshold
concentration
for
nanovaccine
delivery,
well
eliciting
desired
Th
1
improved
immune
response
absence
cytotoxicity.
A
second
strategy
literature
involves
dilution
components
biocompatible
polymeric
matrixes.
Polymeric
nanoparticles
incorporating
at
reduced
concentrations
component
result
an
toxic
effects.
progress
vaccinology
cancer
situ
designs
nanovaccines.
lysis
transformed
releases
tumoral
antigens,
presence
nanoadjuvants
systemically
presented
prevention
metastatic
cancer.
In
addition,
these
local
allow
immunotherapeutic
tumor
treatment.
Язык: Английский