AI-Assisted Detection of Biomarkers by Sensors and Biosensors for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring

Biosensors, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7), С. 356 - 356

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

The steady progress in consumer electronics, together with improvement microflow techniques, nanotechnology, and data processing, has led to implementation of cost-effective, user-friendly portable devices, which play the role not only gadgets but also diagnostic tools. Moreover, numerous smart devices monitor patients' health, some them are applied point-of-care (PoC) tests as a reliable source evaluation patient's condition. Current practices still based on laboratory tests, preceded by collection biological samples, then tested clinical conditions trained personnel specialistic equipment. In practice, collecting passive/active physiological behavioral from patients real time feeding artificial intelligence (AI) models can significantly improve decision process regarding diagnosis treatment procedures via omission conventional sampling while excluding pathologists. A combination novel methods digital traditional biomarker detection portable, autonomous, miniaturized revolutionize medical diagnostics coming years. This article focuses comparison modern techniques AI machine learning (ML). presented technologies will bypass laboratories start being commercialized, should lead or substitution current Their application PoC settings technology accessible every patient appears be possibility. Research this field is expected intensify Technological advancements sensors biosensors anticipated enable continuous real-time analysis various omics fields, fostering early disease intervention strategies. integration health platforms would predictive personalized healthcare, emphasizing importance interdisciplinary collaboration related scientific fields.

Язык: Английский

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Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Exosomal microRNA Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 9, 2025

Early and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's (AD) Parkinson's (PD) is crucial for slowing their progression enhancing patient outcomes. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers due to ability reflect the diseases' pathology, yet low abundance poses significant detection hurdles. This review article delves into burgeoning field electrochemical biosensors, designed exosomal miRNA biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors offer a compelling solution, combining sensitivity required detect low-abundance with specificity needed discern profiles distinctive neural pathological states. We explore operational principles these including transduction mechanisms that facilitate detection. The also summarizes advancements in nanotechnology, signal enhancement, bioreceptor anchoring, microfluidic integration improve sensor accuracy. evidence use disease analyzed, focusing on clinical impact, diagnostic precision, obstacles faced practical applications. Their potential point-of-care testing regulatory considerations market entry discussed. Looking toward future, highlights forthcoming innovations might revolutionize early processes. impressive sensitivity, specificity, compatibility, track become instrumental diseases, possibly transforming care prognosis.

Язык: Английский

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Quality Control of Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Arrays Using Slit-Scanning Raman Microscopy

ACS Applied Electronic Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(3), С. 1209 - 1216

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Large-scale graphene films enable the integration of field-effect transistor (GFET) arrays onto chips. However, transfer characteristics display variability across array. This significant statistical variation in quality combined with lack standardized protocols poses a major challenge to commercialization. In this study, we present rapid, extensive, and high-resolution inspection technique using slit-scanning Raman microscopy. imaging all GFETs was performed before conducting electrical measurements. The G-band 2D-band peak positions were used determine hole carrier density (nH) GFETs. Variations nH values correlated VDP values, which is critical parameter FET performance, validating approach as an method. Moreover, peaks tracked 100 at different processing stages, revealing that spatial variations originated during wet-transfer process. method vital for scalable manufacturing devices.

Язык: Английский

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Plasmonic Ring Resonator-Based Sensors: Design, Performance, and Applications

Plasmonics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Ultrasensitive Detection of Chemokines in Clinical Samples with Graphene‐Based Field‐Effect Transistors

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(52)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

Due to their ultra-high sensitivity, solution-gated graphene-based field-effect transistors (SG-GFET) have been proposed for applications in bio-sensing. However, challenges regarding the functionalization of GFETs prevented clinical diagnostics so far. Here GFET sensors based on van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures single-layer graphene layered with a molecular ≈1 nm thick carbon nanomembrane (CNM) are presented. The CNM acts as an ultrathin interposer between channel and analyte allows bio-functionalization without impairing properties including its charge carrier mobility. To achieve specificity reliability detection biomarkers real patient samples, incorporates biostable aptamers non-natural l-configuration hydrophilic polyethylene glycol avoiding non-specific adsorption. A rapid (≈5 min) clinically relevant inflammatory mediator CXCL8/IL-8 within concentration range 0.5 - 500 pM (5 5000 pg ml-1) is demonstrated nasal swab samples collected from patients respiratory tract infections. This may aid early-stage infectious diseases making reported approach promising development future medical tools.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of capacitive current on electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor arrays

Applied Physics Express, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(2), С. 025003 - 025003

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Abstract We investigate the effect of gate-source current ( I GS ) on variations in Dirac point voltage V DP electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistor (EG-GFET) arrays through a time-resolved analysis and an equivalent circuit model. Source/drain electrodes exposed to electrolyte induce substantial capacitive prolonged charging duration electric double-layer capacitance, which leads position-dependent variation relative gate electrode. The electrode-passivation alleviates by significantly reducing associated time. These findings offer critical insights for design integrated EG-GFET arrays.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Xenes Based FET for Biosensing Applications

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 14, 2025

Abstract In recent years, monoelemental 2D materials (Xenes) such as graphene, graphdiyne, silicene, phosphorene, and tellurene, have gained significant traction in biosensing applications. Owing to their ultra‐thin layered structure, exceptionally high specific surface area, unique electronic properties, excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, other distinctive features, Xenes are recognized for potential with low detection limits, speed, exceptional flexibility this review, the properties of Xenes, synthesis, theoretical experimental advances applications related biosensing, including DNA/RNA biosensors, protein small molecule cell, ion biosensors comprehensively summarized. Finally, challenges prospects emerging field discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Solution-Gated Thin Film Transistor Biosensor-Based SnO₂ Amorphous Film for Label-Free Detection of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules

ACS Sensors, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was considered to be an important marker of multiple tumors, and its high expression is closely related the early diagnosis treatment tumors. At present, metal oxide semiconductors have become a key component biosensor bioelectronics technology. Tin shows great potential for development because nontoxic, nonpolluting, low price, excellent electrical properties. In this study, novel SnO2 solution-gated thin film transistor (SGTFT) specific detection EpCAM successfully developed using prepared by sol-gel method as channel material. By selecting optimal thickness 100 nm material, transconductance value (gm) reached 1432 μS, threshold voltage (Vth) remained stable at 0.288 V. order achieve qualitative quantitative EpCAM, films were subjected chemical fix aptamer. Through recognition between aptamer gate changes triggered regulate current device. FE-SEM, EIS, XPS, performance tests employed track measure modification process. Based on optimizations described above, SGTFT exhibited sensitivity (14.6 mV·dec-1), limit (LOD) down 24.4 pg/mL, calibration curves in range 0.02 ng/mL-500 ng/mL sensing. The SnO2-SGTFT anticipated provide new highly sensitive platform health monitoring disease diagnosis.

Язык: Английский

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A Patient-Centered Approach in Sensor Science: Embracing Patient Engagement for Translational Clinical Technologies

ACS Sensors, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

With the goal of impacting patient quality life and outcomes, sensor science offers significant potential to revolutionize healthcare by providing advances in detection molecular biomarkers for personalized clinical technologies. The community has achieved technical advancements that can impact diagnostics, health monitoring, disease treatment; however, many innovations remain confined laboratory, failing bridge translational gap between research real-world applications. This perspective presents a new direction community, where development centers on needs experiences primary beneficiaries: patients. We provide guidelines resources researchers engage with patients early continuously throughout process inform specifications better align technologies needs, improving their adoption impact. also present examples implementing patient-centered approach planning engagement research. In design impactful sensors patients, must expand focus beyond embrace approach, which will likely lead opportunities collaboration evolution community.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling Charge Transfer Mechanisms in Graphene–Quantum Dot Hybrids for High-Sensitivity Biosensing

Biosensors, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(5), С. 269 - 269

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and graphene hybrids have emerged as promising platforms for optoelectronic biosensing applications due to their unique photophysical electronic properties. This study investigates the fundamental mechanism underlying photoluminescence (PL) quenching recovery in graphene-QD hybrid systems using single-layer field-effect transistors (SLG-FETs) time-resolved (TRPL) spectroscopy. We demonstrate that PL its are primarily driven by charge transfer, evidenced an unchanged fluorescence lifetime upon quenching. Density functional theory calculations reveal a significant redistribution at interface, corroborating experimental observations. also provide simple analytical mechanical model differentiate transfer-induced from resonance energy transfer. Furthermore, we leverage transfer ultrasensitive detect biomarkers such immunoglobulin G (IgG) femtomolar concentrations. The sensor's electrical response, characterized systematic shifts Dirac point of SLG-FETs, confirms role analyte-induced modulation recovery. Our findings framework designing next-generation graphene-based biosensors with exceptional sensitivity specificity.

Язык: Английский

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