Assessment of PET Depolymerization Processes for Circular Economy. 1. Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Purification, and Process Design

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63(8), С. 3355 - 3399

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most widely produced thermoplastic and used in drink bottles, packaging, textiles. Chemical depolymerization represents a way to recycle PET that robust low purity quality of some waste sources. This work investigates three primary routes depolymerize into feedstocks produce polymer: methanolysis, glycolysis, hydrolysis. unique providing thorough review thermodynamics, chemistry, purification strategies, design processes from an industrial perspective. provides detailed descriptions different variants processes. We summarize available data necessary process indicate where gaps exist. demonstrate importance separation sections process, which are rarely addressed academic literature. also designs strategies technologies employ address challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing Textile Waste Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities Across Polymer and Non-Polymer Fiber Types

Polymers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 628 - 628

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

The growing environmental impact of textile waste, fueled by the rapid rise in global fiber production, underscores urgent need for sustainable end-of-life solutions. This review explores cutting-edge pathways waste management, spotlighting innovations that reduce reliance on incineration and landfilling while driving material circularity. It highlights advancements collection, sorting, pretreatment technologies, as well both established emerging recycling methods. Smart collection systems utilizing tags sensors show great promise streamlining logistics automating pick-up routes transactions. For automated technologies like near-infrared hyperspectral imaging lead way accurate scalable separation. Automated disassembly techniques are effective at removing problematic elements, though other pretreatments, such color finish removal, still to be customized specific streams. Mechanical is ideal textiles with strong mechanical properties but has limitations, particularly blended fabrics, cannot repeated endlessly. Polymer recycling-through melting or dissolving polymers-produces higher-quality recycled materials comes high energy solvent demands. Chemical recycling, especially solvolysis pyrolysis, excels breaking down synthetic polymers polyester, potential yield virgin-quality monomers. Meanwhile, biological methods, their infancy, natural fibers cotton wool. When methods not viable, gasification can used convert into synthesis gas. concludes future hinges integrating sorting advancing solvent-based chemical technologies. These innovations, supported eco-design principles, progressive policies, industry collaboration, essential building a resilient, circular economy.

Язык: Английский

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Electrocatalytic reforming of waste plastics into high value-added chemicals and hydrogen fuel

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 57(94), С. 12595 - 12598

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

We report an electroreforming strategy to upcycle waste PET into value-added chemicals and H 2 using Pd as the anode Ni foam cathode.

Язык: Английский

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Reductive depolymerization as an efficient methodology for the conversion of plastic waste into value-added compounds

Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(19), С. 7330 - 7360

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Reductive depolymerization allows the valorization of polyester, polycarbonate and polyamide waste in a wide variety value-added compounds with good yields

Язык: Английский

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Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET Or PETE) plastics – An alternative to obtain value added products: A review

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 100(1), С. 100843 - 100843

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Cyanamide as a Highly Efficient Organocatalyst for the Glycolysis Recycling of PET

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(24), С. 7965 - 7973

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022

Due to the antibiodegradable properties, numerous plastics have been accumulated in ecosystem and aggravate ecological pollution. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is among most used plastics. Glycolysis of PET a useful approach solve waste pollution obtain bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). In this paper, was efficiently depolymerized through glycolysis catalyzed by cyanamide. particular, compared with previously reported catalyst, cyanamide more readily available can be directly catalysis without complex preparation process. Under optimal conditions, completely up nearly 100% BHET yield. Even at temperature as low 150 °C, good yield obtained. The application potential procedure demonstrated its excellent performance various real wastes like transparent opaque samples polyester foam high quality obtained products. mechanism studied 1H NMR analysis, DFT calculations showed that higher activity than trimer, melamine, due stronger hydrogen bonds formed between or ethylene glycol.

Язык: Английский

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Cosolvent-promoted selective non-aqueous hydrolysis of PET wastes and facile product separation

Green Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(8), С. 3284 - 3292

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Selective degradation and facile separation of PET wastes are achieved using EG as both reactant solvent to simply the THF cosolvent improve mass transfer, promote activity reduce solubility product.

Язык: Английский

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Low-Temperature Glycolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(51), С. 17261 - 17273

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

In this work, we developed a new catalytic method of glycolysis to efficiently convert post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (BHET). The addition an aromatic compound possessing the alkoxy group (e.g., anisole) reaction system facilitated conversion PET BHET at temperature near 153 °C, which is much lower than that without co-solvent (>197 °C), while overall performance remains almost unchanged. We found inexpensive metal salt or organic guanidine base could be used as effective catalyst for low-temperature glycolysis. Under optimal conditions catalyzed by alkali (Na K) acetate, completely decomposed in 2 h with yield 86%. also investigated detailed behaviors and possible intermolecular interactions between anisole other chemical species facilitate Based on experimental results, most probable steps were proposed kinetic model mechanistically describing behavior was developed. estimated apparent activation energy decomposition co-solvent-assisted low value 80.9 kJ mol–1, responsible high reactivity even co-solvent.

Язык: Английский

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Electrocatalysts for value-added electrolysis coupled with hydrogen evolution

EES Catalysis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(4), С. 413 - 433

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Recent progresses of value-added electrolysis that replace OER with anodic reactions. Representation the elements: hydrogen (white color), carbon (gray), oxygen (red), nitrogen (blue), and iodine (magenta).

Язык: Английский

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Design and synthesis of functional materials by chemical recycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic: Opportunities and challenges

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 433, С. 139828 - 139828

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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