Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(23), С. 8194 - 8244

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Unlike conventional recycling methods that focus on 'extraction', direct aims for 'repair', which necessitates selecting and designing a strategy based the failure mechanisms of spent lithium ion battery materials.

Язык: Английский

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Pyrometallurgical recycling of different lithium-ion battery cell systems: Economic and technical analysis

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 416, С. 137834 - 137834

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2023

The global trend towards electromobility raises questions about the treatment of lithium-ion batteries from battery-electric vehicles at end-of-life stage. paper examines two pyrometallurgical recycling routes (a direct and a multi-step process) for different battery cell compositions (NMC333/C, NMC811/C, LFP/C, NMCLMO/C) techno-economic perspective. Based on lifecycle inventories per process type, profitability these processes is investigated by conducting total cost ownership analysis typified plants pre-industrial scale. results reveal that chemistry will have major impact recycling. In particular, it appears to be difficult operate profitably under current conditions low-cobalt low-nickel types. A sensitivity shows levers their respective limitations increasing systems.

Язык: Английский

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Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future: recent advancements

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(11), С. 5552 - 5592

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

A critical review of the recent developments in recycling spent Li-ion batteries using five major technologies (direct recycling, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bioleaching and electrometallurgy) evaluation their sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable recycling of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries via an environmentally friendly process: Selective recovery of lithium and non-hazardous upcycling of residue

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 481, С. 148516 - 148516

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Towards Greener Recycling: Direct Repair of Cathode Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A review of contemporary and emerging recycling methods for lithium-ion batteries with a focus on NMC cathodes

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 209, С. 107825 - 107825

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Review of life cycle assessment on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) recycling

Next Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3, С. 100032 - 100032

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The recycling of Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) waste is recognized as a viable solution for alleviating the pressure on natural resources caused by increasing demand materials used in LIBs production and disposal these hazardous wastes landfills. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been widely employed to evaluate environmental impacts associated with recycling. However, comprehensive synthesis lessons learned from assessments, including methodological choices, findings, implications, lacking literature. Therefore, this study aims summarize available knowledge application LCA This uses systematic literature review method combination structured content analysis identify analyze 64 peer-reviewed studies key findings reveal significant variations potential impact results divergent regarding preference among processes (hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, direct recycling, bioleaching). These discrepancies arise different assumptions choices LCA, system boundaries, inputs, inclusion or exclusion specific stages, unit process flows, use avoided products, functional units, assessment methods, secondary data due lack primary data, especially an industrial scale. While Climate Change category receives considerable attention, other categories are often neglected, making it challenging establish particular technology. For bioleaching technologies assessments all categories. Electricity consumption chemical inputs identified hotspots options. To enhance sustainability additional that focus collecting particularly collection, pretreatment, final stages recommended. improve transparency reproducibility future studies, article provides recommendations research agenda conducting field

Язык: Английский

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The evolution of lithium-ion battery recycling

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Closing gaps in LCA of lithium-ion batteries: LCA of lab-scale cell production with new primary data

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 384, С. 135510 - 135510

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2022

Battery storage systems have become an important pillar in the transformation of energy and transportation sector over last decades. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are dominating technology this process making them a constant subject analysis regarding their sustainability. To assess environmental performance, several Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) LIBs been performed years. Yet, amount available primary data on production remains low, leading to recurrent reliance few disclosed datasets, mostly at industrial scale. Thus, there is need for new LCA studies different scales (lab, pilot, industrial) using transparent datasets facilitate more reliable robust assessments. This work presents screening recent assessments aiming identifying remaining gaps challenges, deriving detailed lab-scale battery cell production. For first time impact based process-oriented investigated. The results flanked by sensitivity analyses scenarios compared with literature values. hotspots identified study, cathode slurry, anode current collector, as well demand dry room coating process, consistent literature, although absolute values order magnitude larger. main reason inefficiencies inherent In analyze effects scale, upscaling pilot scale performed.

Язык: Английский

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Hydrometallurgical recycling technologies for NMC Li-ion battery cathodes: current industrial practice and new R&D trends

RSC Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1(8), С. 1932 - 1951

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Latest advances in hydrometallurgical recycling open new sustainable processing options beyond efficient recovery of metals towards direct and upcycling the NMC active materials.

Язык: Английский

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