A Multifunctional Amino Acid Enables Direct Recycling of Spent LiFePO₄ Cathode Material

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 36(5)

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023

Abstract Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles and energy storage due to their good cycling stability safety. However, the finite service life of lithium‐ion leads significant amounts retired LFP batteries, urgently required be recycled by environmentally friendly effective methods. Here, a direct regeneration strategy using natural low‐cost L‐threonine as multifunctional reductant is proposed. The hydroxyl groups amino act electron donors nitrogen sources, respectively. reductive environment created not only aids converting degraded FePO phase back single but also facilitates elimination detrimental Li–Fe anti‐site defects; thus, reconstructing fast Li + diffusion channels. Meanwhile, N atoms derived from able dope into carbon layers, generating more active sites enhancing conductive properties particles. regenerated shows great electrochemical performance with discharge capacity 147.9 mAh g −1 at 1 C retention 86% after 500 cycles 5 C. Further, this approach feasible for black mass sourced practical industrial dismantling lines, providing considerable prospects large‐scale recycling batteries.

Язык: Английский

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Recycling of LiFePO4 cathode materials: From laboratory scale to industrial production

Materials Today, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73, С. 130 - 150

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Subtractive transformation of cathode materials in spent Li-ion batteries to a low-cobalt 5 V-class cathode material

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Abstract Adding extra raw materials for direct recycling or upcycling is prospective battery recycling, but overlooks subtracting specific components beforehand can facilitate the to a self-sufficient mode of sustainable production. Here, subtractive transformation strategy degraded LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 and LiMn 4 5 V-class disordered spinel 1.5 -like cathode material proposed. Equal amounts Ni from are selectively extracted, remaining transition metals directly converted into 0.4 0.1 (CO 3 ) precursor preparing with in-situ doping. The improved conductivity bond strength delivers high-rate (10 C 20 C) high-temperature (60 °C) cycling stability. This no input be generalized practical black mass reduces dependence current production on rare elements, showing potential spent next-generation Li-ion industry.

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable upcycling of mixed spent cathodes to a high-voltage polyanionic cathode material

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Abstract Sustainable battery recycling is essential for achieving resource conservation and alleviating environmental issues. Many open/closed-loop strategies critical metal or direct recovery aim at a single component, the reuse of mixed cathode materials significant challenge. To address this barrier, here we propose an upcycling strategy spent LiFePO 4 Mn-rich cathodes by structural design transition replacement, which uses green deep eutectic solvent to regenerate high-voltage polyanionic material. This process ensures complete all elements in can be reused. The regenerated LiFe 0.5 Mn PO has increased mean voltage (3.68 V versus Li/Li + ) energy density (559 Wh kg –1 compared with commercial (3.38 524 ). proposed expand gram-grade scale was also applicable recovery, thus closed-loop between next generation materials. Techno-economic analysis shows that potentially high economic benefits, while providing sustainable approach value-added utilization waste

Язык: Английский

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Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in view of graphite recovery: A review

eTransportation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20, С. 100320 - 100320

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Fast Li Replenishment Channels‐Assisted Recycling of Degraded Layered Cathodes with Enhanced Cycling Performance and Thermal Stability

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(23)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2024

The direct recycling of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries is important for environmental protection and resource conservation. key regeneration processes are composition replenishment atom rearrangement, both which depend on the migration diffusion atoms. However, degraded LiNi

Язык: Английский

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Direct recycling of spent cathode material at ambient conditions via spontaneous lithiation

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(10), С. 1283 - 1293

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A review of direct recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries

Energy storage materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 70, С. 103475 - 103475

Опубликована: Май 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Toward Circular Energy: Exploring Direct Regeneration for Lithium‐Ion Battery Sustainability

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(32)

Опубликована: Май 25, 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are rapidly developing into attractive energy storage technologies. As LIBs gradually enter retirement, their sustainability is starting to come focus. The utilization of recycled spent as raw materials for battery manufacturing imperative resource and environmental sustainability. depends on the recycling process, whereby cycling must be maximized while minimizing waste emissions consumption. Although LIB technologies (hydrometallurgy pyrometallurgy) have been commercialized a large scale, they unavoidable limitations. They incompatible with circular economy principles because require toxic chemicals, emit hazardous substances, consume amounts energy. direct regeneration degraded electrode from viable alternative traditional nondestructive repair technology. Furthermore, offers advantages such maximization value materials, use sustainable, nontoxic reagents, high potential profitability, significant application potential. Therefore, this review aims investigate state-of-the-art that can extended large-scale applications.

Язык: Английский

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Economical and Ecofriendly Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Material Flow and Energy Flow

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(7), С. 2511 - 2530

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Since 1990, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been booming in the last decades. Because they are ecofriendly and rechargeable, LIBs widely used portable devices, electric vehicles, even satellites aerospace. However, limited lifespan intensive growth of spent result serious accumulation depletion to hazardous waste. This review critically summarizes state-of-the-art scrapped on recycling benefits national policies. Also advantages disadvantages various technologies efficiency, electrochemical performance restored materials, economic environmental issues compared discussed. A green, feasible, sustainable strategy with high efficiency for (including cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, other metallic materials) is explored discussed detail. Finally, mode, challenges, developing tendency battery production, design, management system put forward speculated.

Язык: Английский

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