Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
63(23)
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024
Abstract
Over
the
last
two
decades
ratchet
mechanisms
have
transformed
understanding
and
design
of
stochastic
molecular
systems—biological,
chemical
physical—in
a
move
away
from
mechanical
macroscopic
analogies
that
dominated
thinking
regarding
dynamics
in
1990s
early
2000s
(e.g.
pistons,
springs,
etc),
to
more
scale‐relevant
concepts
underpin
out‐of‐equilibrium
research
sciences
today.
Ratcheting
has
established
nanotechnology
as
frontier
for
energy
transduction
metabolism,
enabled
reverse
engineering
biomolecular
machinery,
delivering
insights
into
how
molecules
‘walk’
track‐based
synthesisers
operate,
acceleration
reactions
enables
be
transduced
by
catalysts
(both
motor
proteins
synthetic
catalysts),
dynamic
systems
can
driven
equilibrium
through
catalysis.
The
recognition
biology,
their
invention
systems,
is
proving
significant
areas
diverse
supramolecular
chemistry,
covalent
DNA
nanotechnology,
polymer
materials
science,
heterogeneous
catalysis,
endergonic
synthesis,
origin
life,
many
other
branches
science.
Put
simply,
give
chemistry
direction.
Kinetic
asymmetry,
key
feature
ratcheting,
counterpart
structural
asymmetry
(i.e.
chirality).
Given
ubiquity
processes
significance
behaviour
function
it
surely
just
fundamentally
important.
This
Review
charts
recognition,
development
ratchets,
focussing
particularly
on
role
which
they
were
originally
envisaged
elements
machinery.
Different
kinetically
asymmetric
are
compared,
consequences
discussed.
These
archetypal
examples
demonstrate
inexorably
equilibrium,
rather
than
relax
towards
it.
Язык: Английский
Local Self‐Assembly of Dissipative Structures Sustained by Substrate Diffusion
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
63(30)
Опубликована: Май 8, 2024
Abstract
The
coupling
between
energy‐consuming
molecular
processes
and
the
macroscopic
dimension
plays
an
important
role
in
nature
development
of
active
matter.
Here,
we
study
temporal
evolution
a
system
upon
local
activation
dissipative
self‐assembly
process.
Injection
surfactant
molecules
substrate‐containing
hydrogel
results
substrate‐templated
formation
assemblies,
which
are
catalysts
for
conversion
substrate
into
waste.
We
show
that
develops
(pseudo‐)non‐equilibrium
steady
state
(NESS)
characterized
by
presence
energy‐dissipating
assemblies
persistent
waste
concentration
gradients.
For
elevated
concentrations,
this
can
be
maintained
more
than
4
days.
studies
reveal
interdependence
gradients:
catalytic
activity
sustained
gradients
and,
vice
versa,
continuous
diffusion
to
stabilizes
their
size.
possibility
activate
with
spatial
control
create
long
lasting
non‐equilibrium
states
enables
structures
studied
space‐time
domain,
is
relevance
understanding
biological
systems
Язык: Английский
Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction
Angewandte Chemie,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
136(23)
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2024
Abstract
Over
the
last
two
decades
ratchet
mechanisms
have
transformed
understanding
and
design
of
stochastic
molecular
systems—biological,
chemical
physical—in
a
move
away
from
mechanical
macroscopic
analogies
that
dominated
thinking
regarding
dynamics
in
1990s
early
2000s
(e.g.
pistons,
springs,
etc),
to
more
scale‐relevant
concepts
underpin
out‐of‐equilibrium
research
sciences
today.
Ratcheting
has
established
nanotechnology
as
frontier
for
energy
transduction
metabolism,
enabled
reverse
engineering
biomolecular
machinery,
delivering
insights
into
how
molecules
‘walk’
track‐based
synthesisers
operate,
acceleration
reactions
enables
be
transduced
by
catalysts
(both
motor
proteins
synthetic
catalysts),
dynamic
systems
can
driven
equilibrium
through
catalysis.
The
recognition
biology,
their
invention
systems,
is
proving
significant
areas
diverse
supramolecular
chemistry,
covalent
DNA
nanotechnology,
polymer
materials
science,
heterogeneous
catalysis,
endergonic
synthesis,
origin
life,
many
other
branches
science.
Put
simply,
give
chemistry
direction.
Kinetic
asymmetry,
key
feature
ratcheting,
counterpart
structural
asymmetry
(i.e.
chirality).
Given
ubiquity
processes
significance
behaviour
function
it
surely
just
fundamentally
important.
This
Review
charts
recognition,
development
ratchets,
focussing
particularly
on
role
which
they
were
originally
envisaged
elements
machinery.
Different
kinetically
asymmetric
are
compared,
consequences
discussed.
These
archetypal
examples
demonstrate
inexorably
equilibrium,
rather
than
relax
towards
it.
Язык: Английский
Local Self‐Assembly of Dissipative Structures Sustained by Substrate Diffusion
Angewandte Chemie,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
136(30)
Опубликована: Май 8, 2024
Abstract
The
coupling
between
energy‐consuming
molecular
processes
and
the
macroscopic
dimension
plays
an
important
role
in
nature
development
of
active
matter.
Here,
we
study
temporal
evolution
a
system
upon
local
activation
dissipative
self‐assembly
process.
Injection
surfactant
molecules
substrate‐containing
hydrogel
results
substrate‐templated
formation
assemblies,
which
are
catalysts
for
conversion
substrate
into
waste.
We
show
that
develops
(pseudo‐)non‐equilibrium
steady
state
(NESS)
characterized
by
presence
energy‐dissipating
assemblies
persistent
waste
concentration
gradients.
For
elevated
concentrations,
this
can
be
maintained
more
than
4
days.
studies
reveal
interdependence
gradients:
catalytic
activity
sustained
gradients
and,
vice
versa,
continuous
diffusion
to
stabilizes
their
size.
possibility
activate
with
spatial
control
create
long
lasting
non‐equilibrium
states
enables
structures
studied
space‐time
domain,
is
relevance
understanding
biological
systems
Язык: Английский