Evaluation of the Large EURO‐CORDEX Regional Climate Model Ensemble

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 126(17)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2020

The use of regional climate model (RCM)-based projections for providing information in a research and service contexts is currently expanding very fast. This has been possible thanks to considerable effort developing comprehensive ensembles RCM projections, especially Europe, the EURO-CORDEX community (Jacob et al., 2014, 2020). As end 2019, developed set 55 historical scenario (RCP8.5) using 8 driving global models (GCMs) 11 RCMs. article presents ensemble including its design. We target analysis better characterize quality RCMs by an evaluation these simulations over number classical variables extreme impact-oriented indices period 1981–2010. For main variables, generally agree with observations reanalyses. However, several systematic biases are found as well, shared responsibilities among GCMs: Simulations overall too cold, wet, windy compared available or Some show strong on temperature, others precipitation dynamical but none models/simulations can be defined best worst all criteria. aims at supporting proper within services context.

Язык: Английский

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The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation

Climate Dynamics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 57(1-2), С. 275 - 302

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2021

Abstract Here we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total 23 run with $$\sim $$ ∼ 3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different models (RCMs) represented in ensemble. The compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations coarse resolution ( 12 km) RCMs parameterized convection. model respect to mean precipitation, intensity frequency, heavy on daily hourly timescales seasons. results show that produce more realistic representation than RCMs. most significant improvements found for frequency both time scales summer season. In general, tend intense reduced wet-hour models. On average, shows reduction bias from \,$$ −40% km −3% summer. Furthermore, uncertainty ranges i.e. variability between wet hour is half use Although differences still exist, it evident these superior coarse-resolution RCM representing present-day climate, thus offer promising way forward investigations change local scales.

Язык: Английский

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Convection‐permitting modeling with regional climate models: Latest developments and next steps

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(6)

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

Abstract Approximately 10 years ago, convection‐permitting regional climate models (CPRCMs) emerged as a promising computationally affordable tool to produce fine resolution (1–4 km) decadal‐long simulations with explicitly resolved deep convection. This explicit representation is expected reduce projection uncertainty related convection parameterizations found in most models. A recent surge CPRCM decadal over larger domains, sometimes covering continents, has led important insights into advantages and limitations. Furthermore, new observational gridded datasets spatial temporal (~1 km; ~1 h) resolutions have leveraged additional knowledge through evaluations of the added value CPRCMs. With an improved coordination frame ongoing international initiatives, production ensembles provide more robust projections better identification their associated uncertainties. review paper presents overview methodology latest research on current future climates. Impact studies that are already taking advantage these highlighted. ends by proposing next steps could be accomplished continue exploiting full potential article categorized under: Climate Models Modeling > Earth System

Язык: Английский

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Climate change impacts on wind power generation

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 1(12), С. 627 - 643

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution part 2: historical and future simulations of precipitation

Climate Dynamics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 56(11-12), С. 3581 - 3602

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Ongoing Need for High-Resolution Regional Climate Models: Process Understanding and Stakeholder Information

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 101(5), С. E664 - E683

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2020

ABSTRACT Regional climate modeling addresses our need to understand and simulate climatic processes phenomena unresolved in global models. This paper highlights examples of current approaches innovative uses regional that deepen understanding the system. High-resolution models are generally more skillful simulating extremes, such as heavy precipitation, strong winds, severe storms. In addition, research has shown fine-scale features mountains, coastlines, lakes, irrigation, land use, urban heat islands can substantially influence a region’s its response changing forcings. simulations explicitly convection now being performed, providing an opportunity illuminate new physical behavior previously was represented by parameterizations with large uncertainties. both advancing toward higher resolution, computational capacity increases. However, resolution ensemble size necessary produce sufficient statistical sample these proven too costly for contemporary supercomputing systems. thus indispensable tools complement governing variability change. The deeper also benefits stakeholders policymakers who physically robust, high-resolution information guide societal responses climate. Key scientific questions will continue require models, opportunities emerging addressing those questions.

Язык: Английский

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Bias correction of temperature and precipitation over China for RCM simulations using the QM and QDM methods

Climate Dynamics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 57(5-6), С. 1425 - 1443

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2020

Abstract Two different bias correction methods, the quantile mapping (QM) and delta (QDM), are applied to simulated daily temperature precipitation over China from a set of 21st century regional climate model (the ICTP RegCM4) projections. The RegCM4 is driven by five general circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 at grid spacing 25 km using CORDEX East Asia domain. focus on mean in December–January–February (DJF) June–July–August (JJA). impacts two methods present day biases future change signals investigated. Results show that both QM QDM effective removing systematic during validation period. For changes, preserves well, magnitude spatial distribution, while artificially modifies signal decreasing warming modifying patterns change. precipitation, preserve well but they produce greater projected increase, especially QDM. We also effects variable- season-dependent. Our results can affect way signals, therefore care has be taken carrying out process.

Язык: Английский

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Finite basis physics-informed neural networks (FBPINNs): a scalable domain decomposition approach for solving differential equations

Advances in Computational Mathematics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 49(4)

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023

Recently, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have offered a powerful new paradigm for solving problems relating to differential equations. Compared classical numerical methods PINNs several advantages, example their ability provide mesh-free solutions of equations and carry out forward inverse modelling within the same optimisation problem. Whilst promising, key limitation date is that struggled accurately efficiently solve with large domains and/or multi-scale solutions, which crucial real-world application. Multiple significant related factors contribute this issue, including increasing complexity underlying PINN problem as size grows spectral bias networks. In work we propose new, scalable approach called Finite Basis (FBPINNs). FBPINNs are inspired by finite element methods, where solution equation expressed sum set basis functions compact support. used learn these functions, defined over small, overlapping subdomains. FBINNs designed address using separate input normalisation each subdomain, reduce many smaller in parallel divide-and-conquer approach. Our experiments show effective both small larger, problems, outperforming standard accuracy computational resources required, potentially paving way application on large, problems.

Язык: Английский

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The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Water, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1), С. 90 - 90

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2021

The Mediterranean area is undergoing intensive demographic, social, cultural, economic, and environmental changes. This generates multiple pressures such as increased demand for water resources, generation of pollution related to wastewater discharge, land consumption. In the area, recent climate change studies forecast large impacts on hydrologic cycle. Thus, in next years, surface ground-water resources will be gradually more stressed, especially coastal areas. this review paper, historical geographical distribution peer-review main mechanisms that promote aquifer salinization are critically discussed, providing state art topics actual saltwater wedge characterization, paleo-salinities areas, water-rock interactions, geophysical techniques aimed at delineating areal vertical extent intrusion, management groundwater overexploitation using numerical models GIS mapping vulnerability salinization. Each above-mentioned approaches has potential advantages drawbacks; thus, best tactic tackle employ a combination approaches. Finally, number focusing predictions effects aquifers growing but still very limited surely need further research.

Язык: Английский

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Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) to Mitigate Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effects in Canadian Cities

Buildings, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(7), С. 925 - 925

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Canada is warming at double the rate of global average caused in part to a fast-growing population and large land transformations, where urban surfaces contribute significantly heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The federal government released strengthened climate plan 2020, which emphasizes using nature-based solutions (NBSs) combat effects UHI Here, two NBSs techniques are reviewed analysed: increasing surface greenery/vegetation (ISG) reflectivity (ISR). Policymakers have challenge selecting appropriate meet wide range objectives within environment Canadian-specific knowledge how can perform various scales lacking. As such, this state-of-the-art review intends provide snapshot current understanding benefits risks associated with implantation spaces as well used model, evaluate potential effectiveness under evolving conditions. Thus, if be adopted mitigate extreme summertime temperatures Canadian municipalities, an integrated, comprehensive analysis their contributions needed. developing methods quantify NBSs’ performance tools for effective implementation required.

Язык: Английский

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