Rapid beech decline under recurrent drought stress: Individual neighborhood structure and soil properties matter

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 545, С. 121305 - 121305

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2023

During the summer of 2022, an acute drought once more afflicted central and southern Europe. This marked third episode (after 2015 2018) severe aridity in large parts Germany within last decade, leading to increased soil water depletion. Consequently, from July 2022 onward, European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) exhibited early withering pronounced premature defoliation. Nevertheless, crown defoliation substantial variation among same forest stands, prompting questions regarding causal factors. In our study, we scrutinized twelve mature drought-impacted, beech-dominated stands northern Bavaria, arranged along a gradient different nutrient regime levels (base-rich, intermediate, base-poor), with co-occurring vital (≤40% defoliation) declining (≥60% trees. Within each stand, selected equal number trees, culminating total 332 target Dendrochronological patterns were analyzed identify potential timing growth separation between vitality classes. Moreover, used Bayesian modelling framework discern whether disparities tree hinged on competition, structure, small-scale differences plant-available capacity, spatial clustering competitors. We further explored factors influencing magnitude decline post-2018 how these modulated by site's regime. Our study unveiled that (i) low competition size diversity bolstered vitality; (ii) spatially aggregated; (iii) strikingly similar trajectories past, which underwent drastic shift following 2018, indicating for rapid under recurrent stress; (iv) capacity emerged as crucial determinant subsequent 2018; (v) was most at base-poor intermediate sites. findings underscore importance accommodating stand characteristics advocate silvicultural guidance towards reduced densities combination heterogenous structure mitigate dieback drought-prone stands.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of droughts and heatwaves on river water quality worldwide

Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 629, С. 130590 - 130590

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Droughts and heatwaves have a major impact on river water quality worldwide. However, previous studies of under these climate extremes are limited to small number basins regions, mainly located in North America, Europe or Australia. In this study, we estimate the large-scale effects droughts, compound drought-heatwave events for total 314,046 monitoring stations worldwide over period 1980-2021. We focus 16 constituents grouped into physical (e.g., temperature, salinity), chemical pharmaceuticals, pesticides) biological biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform). Further, analyse response each constituent droughts relation type, land use level wastewater treatment. find general deterioration globally most rivers considered. For example, there is average 27% increase 17% decrease dissolved 24% salinity heatwaves. addition, that treatment significant effect magnitude during extreme events. The median temperature drought-heatwaves strongly driven by zone with higher warming rates at polar (+4.5°C) compared tropical (+2.1°C). Increases two times larger irrigated regions non-irrigated regions. concentrations nutrients (P N) can either depending nutrient form (dissolved vs. particulate) (urban rural). Higher levels contributed greater pathogenic (as indicated Pharmaceuticals show mixed responses persistence surface waters, instance declines diclofenac due increased decay temperatures. results study provide broader understanding how affect local regional-scale analyses. could basis modelling

Язык: Английский

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The 2018 west-central European drought projected in a warmer climate: how much drier can it get?

Natural hazards and earth system sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(5), С. 1921 - 1946

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Abstract. Projections of changes in extreme droughts under future climate conditions are associated with large uncertainties, owing to the complex genesis and model uncertainty atmospheric dynamics. In this study we investigate impact global warming on soil moisture drought severity west-central Europe by employing pseudo (PGW) experiments, which project 1980–2020 period a globally warmer world. The analogues present-day episodes allow for investigation conditional historic day-to-day evolution circulation. 2018 European is most severe reference region. Under 1.5, 2 3 ∘C warming, episode experiences strongly enhanced summer temperatures but fairly modest drying response compared change climatology. This primarily because evaporation already moisture-constrained during conditions, limiting increase thus modulation temperature PGW. Increasing precipitation winter, spring autumn limits or prevents an earlier onset duration. Nevertheless, severity, defined as cumulative deficit volume, increases considerably, 20 % 39 warming. frequency Several years without noticeable show very strong results 2003-like occurrences, compounding local considerably above ∘C. Even taking into account (potentially large) dynamical change, risk Owing frequency, heat, reduction recovery times between expected occur. Our physical storyline provides evidence complementing conventional large-ensemble approaches intended contribute formulation effective adaptation strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Continental-scale evaluation of a fully distributed coupled land surface and groundwater model, ParFlow-CLM (v3.6.0), over Europe

Geoscientific model development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(6), С. 1617 - 1639

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Abstract. High-resolution large-scale predictions of hydrologic states and fluxes are important for many multi-scale applications, including water resource management. However, the existing global- to continental-scale hydrological models applied at coarse resolution neglect more complex processes such as lateral surface groundwater flow, thereby not capturing smaller-scale processes. Applications high-resolution physically based integrated often limited watershed scales, neglecting mesoscale climate effects on cycle. We implemented an integrated, coupled land model, ParFlow-CLM version 3.6.0, over a pan-European model domain 0.0275∘ (∼3 km) resolution. The simulates three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater-flow-solving Richards equation overland flow with two-dimensional kinematic wave approximation, which is fully exchange A comprehensive evaluation multiple variables discharge, soil moisture (SM), evapotranspiration (ET), snow equivalent (SWE), total storage (TWS), table depth (WTD) resulting from 10-year (1997–2006) simulation was performed using in situ remote sensing (RS) observations. Overall, uncalibrated showed good agreement simulating river discharge 176 gauging stations across Europe (average Spearman's rank correlation (R) 0.77). At local scale, well ET (R>0.94) against eddy covariance observations but relatively large differences SM WTD (median R values 0.7 0.50, respectively) when compared networks groundwater-monitoring-well data. performance varied between hydroclimate regions, best RS datasets being shown semi-arid arid regions most variables. Conversely, largest modeled (e.g., SM, SWE, TWS) humid cold regions. Our findings highlight importance both local-scale evaluations better understanding distributed uncertainties energy continental scales different large-scale, setup also forms basis future studies provides reference change impact projections climatology forecasting considering flows.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term daily hydrometeorological drought indices, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration for ICOS sites

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2023

Abstract Eddy covariance sites are ideally suited for the study of extreme events on ecosystems as they allow exchange trace gases and energy fluxes between lower atmosphere to be directly measured a continuous basis. However, standardized definitions hydroclimatic extremes needed render studies comparable across sites. This requires longer datasets than available from on-site measurements in order capture full range climatic variability. We present dataset drought indices based precipitation (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI), atmospheric water balance Evapotranspiration SPEI), soil moisture Soil Moisture SSMI) 101 ecosystem Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) with daily temporal resolution 1950 2021. Additionally, we provide simulated evapotranspiration each site Mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM). These could utilised gap-filling or long-term research, among other applications. validate our data set ICOS discuss potential research avenues.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity and Climate Extremes: Known Interactions and Research Gaps

Earth s Future, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Abstract Climate extremes are on the rise. Impacts of extreme climate and weather events ecosystem services ultimately human well‐being can be partially attenuated by organismic, structural, functional diversity affected land surface. However, ongoing transformation terrestrial ecosystems through intensified exploitation management may put this buffering capacity at risk. Here, we summarize evidence that reductions in biodiversity destabilize functioning facing extremes. We then explore if impaired could, turn, exacerbate argue only a comprehensive approach, incorporating both ecological hydrometeorological perspectives, enables us to understand predict entire feedback system between altered This ambition, however, requires reformulation current research priorities emphasize bidirectional effects link ecology atmospheric processes.

Язык: Английский

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Examining the outstanding Euro-Mediterranean drought of 2021–2022 and its historical context

Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 630, С. 130653 - 130653

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Direct and lagged climate change effects intensified the 2022 European drought

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(11), С. 1100 - 1107

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024

Abstract In 2022, Europe faced an extensive summer drought with severe socioeconomic consequences. Quantifying the influence of human-induced climate change on such extreme event can help prepare for future droughts. Here, by combining observations and model outputs hydrological land-surface simulations, we show that Central Southern experienced highest observed total water storage deficit since satellite began in 2002, probably representing most widespread soil moisture past six decades. While precipitation deficits primarily drove drought, global warming contributed to over 30% intensity its spatial extent via enhanced evaporation. We identify 14–41% contribution was mediated warming-driven drying occurred before year indicating importance considering lagged effects avoid underestimating associated risks. Human-induced had qualitatively similar extremely low river discharges. These results highlight droughts are already underway, long lasting, risk may escalate further future.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing drought impacts on groundwater and agriculture in Iran using high-resolution precipitation and evapotranspiration products

Journal of Hydrology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 631, С. 130828 - 130828

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Hydrogeological assessment of a major spring discharging from a calcarenitic aquifer with implications on resilience to climate change

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 913, С. 169770 - 169770

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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