Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(8), P. 1969 - 1969
Published: April 7, 2023
Monitoring
forest
conditions
is
an
essential
task
in
the
context
of
global
climate
change
to
preserve
biodiversity,
protect
carbon
sinks
and
foster
future
resilience.
Severe
impacts
heatwaves
droughts
triggering
cascading
effects
such
as
insect
infestation
are
challenging
semi-natural
forests
Germany.
As
a
consequence
repeated
drought
years
since
2018,
large-scale
canopy
cover
loss
has
occurred
calling
for
improved
disturbance
monitoring
assessment
structure
conditions.
The
present
study
demonstrates
potential
complementary
remote
sensing
sensors
generate
wall-to-wall
products
combination
high
spatial
temporal
resolution
imagery
from
Sentinel-1
(Synthetic
Aperture
Radar,
SAR)
Sentinel-2
(multispectral)
with
novel
samples
on
Global
Ecosystem
Dynamics
Investigation
(GEDI,
LiDAR,
Light
detection
ranging)
enables
analysis
dynamics.
Modeling
three-dimensional
GEDI
machine
learning
models
reveals
recent
changes
German
due
disturbances
(e.g.,
degradation,
salvage
logging).
This
first
consistent
data
set
Germany
2017
2022
provides
information
height,
biomass
allows
estimating
at
10
m
resolution.
maps
support
better
understanding
post-disturbance
Forest Ecology and Management,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
545, P. 121305 - 121305
Published: July 29, 2023
During
the
summer
of
2022,
an
acute
drought
once
more
afflicted
central
and
southern
Europe.
This
marked
third
episode
(after
2015
2018)
severe
aridity
in
large
parts
Germany
within
last
decade,
leading
to
increased
soil
water
depletion.
Consequently,
from
July
2022
onward,
European
beech
trees
(Fagus
sylvatica
L.)
exhibited
early
withering
pronounced
premature
defoliation.
Nevertheless,
crown
defoliation
substantial
variation
among
same
forest
stands,
prompting
questions
regarding
causal
factors.
In
our
study,
we
scrutinized
twelve
mature
drought-impacted,
beech-dominated
stands
northern
Bavaria,
arranged
along
a
gradient
different
nutrient
regime
levels
(base-rich,
intermediate,
base-poor),
with
co-occurring
vital
(≤40%
defoliation)
declining
(≥60%
trees.
Within
each
stand,
selected
equal
number
trees,
culminating
total
332
target
Dendrochronological
patterns
were
analyzed
identify
potential
timing
growth
separation
between
vitality
classes.
Moreover,
used
Bayesian
modelling
framework
discern
whether
disparities
tree
hinged
on
competition,
structure,
small-scale
differences
plant-available
capacity,
spatial
clustering
competitors.
We
further
explored
factors
influencing
magnitude
decline
post-2018
how
these
modulated
by
site's
regime.
Our
study
unveiled
that
(i)
low
competition
size
diversity
bolstered
vitality;
(ii)
spatially
aggregated;
(iii)
strikingly
similar
trajectories
past,
which
underwent
drastic
shift
following
2018,
indicating
for
rapid
under
recurrent
stress;
(iv)
capacity
emerged
as
crucial
determinant
subsequent
2018;
(v)
was
most
at
base-poor
intermediate
sites.
findings
underscore
importance
accommodating
stand
characteristics
advocate
silvicultural
guidance
towards
reduced
densities
combination
heterogenous
structure
mitigate
dieback
drought-prone
stands.
Journal of Hydrology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
629, P. 130590 - 130590
Published: Dec. 6, 2023
Droughts
and
heatwaves
have
a
major
impact
on
river
water
quality
worldwide.
However,
previous
studies
of
under
these
climate
extremes
are
limited
to
small
number
basins
regions,
mainly
located
in
North
America,
Europe
or
Australia.
In
this
study,
we
estimate
the
large-scale
effects
droughts,
compound
drought-heatwave
events
for
total
314,046
monitoring
stations
worldwide
over
period
1980-2021.
We
focus
16
constituents
grouped
into
physical
(e.g.,
temperature,
salinity),
chemical
pharmaceuticals,
pesticides)
biological
biochemical
oxygen
demand,
faecal
coliform).
Further,
analyse
response
each
constituent
droughts
relation
type,
land
use
level
wastewater
treatment.
find
general
deterioration
globally
most
rivers
considered.
For
example,
there
is
average
27%
increase
17%
decrease
dissolved
24%
salinity
heatwaves.
addition,
that
treatment
significant
effect
magnitude
during
extreme
events.
The
median
temperature
drought-heatwaves
strongly
driven
by
zone
with
higher
warming
rates
at
polar
(+4.5°C)
compared
tropical
(+2.1°C).
Increases
two
times
larger
irrigated
regions
non-irrigated
regions.
concentrations
nutrients
(P
N)
can
either
depending
nutrient
form
(dissolved
vs.
particulate)
(urban
rural).
Higher
levels
contributed
greater
pathogenic
(as
indicated
Pharmaceuticals
show
mixed
responses
persistence
surface
waters,
instance
declines
diclofenac
due
increased
decay
temperatures.
results
study
provide
broader
understanding
how
affect
local
regional-scale
analyses.
could
basis
modelling
Natural hazards and earth system sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(5), P. 1921 - 1946
Published: May 26, 2023
Abstract.
Projections
of
changes
in
extreme
droughts
under
future
climate
conditions
are
associated
with
large
uncertainties,
owing
to
the
complex
genesis
and
model
uncertainty
atmospheric
dynamics.
In
this
study
we
investigate
impact
global
warming
on
soil
moisture
drought
severity
west-central
Europe
by
employing
pseudo
(PGW)
experiments,
which
project
1980–2020
period
a
globally
warmer
world.
The
analogues
present-day
episodes
allow
for
investigation
conditional
historic
day-to-day
evolution
circulation.
2018
European
is
most
severe
reference
region.
Under
1.5,
2
3
∘C
warming,
episode
experiences
strongly
enhanced
summer
temperatures
but
fairly
modest
drying
response
compared
change
climatology.
This
primarily
because
evaporation
already
moisture-constrained
during
conditions,
limiting
increase
thus
modulation
temperature
PGW.
Increasing
precipitation
winter,
spring
autumn
limits
or
prevents
an
earlier
onset
duration.
Nevertheless,
severity,
defined
as
cumulative
deficit
volume,
increases
considerably,
20
%
39
warming.
frequency
Several
years
without
noticeable
show
very
strong
results
2003-like
occurrences,
compounding
local
considerably
above
∘C.
Even
taking
into
account
(potentially
large)
dynamical
change,
risk
Owing
frequency,
heat,
reduction
recovery
times
between
expected
occur.
Our
physical
storyline
provides
evidence
complementing
conventional
large-ensemble
approaches
intended
contribute
formulation
effective
adaptation
strategies.
Scientific Data,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: May 13, 2023
Abstract
Eddy
covariance
sites
are
ideally
suited
for
the
study
of
extreme
events
on
ecosystems
as
they
allow
exchange
trace
gases
and
energy
fluxes
between
lower
atmosphere
to
be
directly
measured
a
continuous
basis.
However,
standardized
definitions
hydroclimatic
extremes
needed
render
studies
comparable
across
sites.
This
requires
longer
datasets
than
available
from
on-site
measurements
in
order
capture
full
range
climatic
variability.
We
present
dataset
drought
indices
based
precipitation
(Standardized
Precipitation
Index,
SPI),
atmospheric
water
balance
Evapotranspiration
SPEI),
soil
moisture
Soil
Moisture
SSMI)
101
ecosystem
Integrated
Carbon
Observation
System
(ICOS)
with
daily
temporal
resolution
1950
2021.
Additionally,
we
provide
simulated
evapotranspiration
each
site
Mesoscale
Hydrological
Model
(mHM).
These
could
utilised
gap-filling
or
long-term
research,
among
other
applications.
validate
our
data
set
ICOS
discuss
potential
research
avenues.
Earth s Future,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(6)
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract
Climate
extremes
are
on
the
rise.
Impacts
of
extreme
climate
and
weather
events
ecosystem
services
ultimately
human
well‐being
can
be
partially
attenuated
by
organismic,
structural,
functional
diversity
affected
land
surface.
However,
ongoing
transformation
terrestrial
ecosystems
through
intensified
exploitation
management
may
put
this
buffering
capacity
at
risk.
Here,
we
summarize
evidence
that
reductions
in
biodiversity
destabilize
functioning
facing
extremes.
We
then
explore
if
impaired
could,
turn,
exacerbate
argue
only
a
comprehensive
approach,
incorporating
both
ecological
hydrometeorological
perspectives,
enables
us
to
understand
predict
entire
feedback
system
between
altered
This
ambition,
however,
requires
reformulation
current
research
priorities
emphasize
bidirectional
effects
link
ecology
atmospheric
processes.
Nature Geoscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(11), P. 1100 - 1107
Published: Oct. 21, 2024
Abstract
In
2022,
Europe
faced
an
extensive
summer
drought
with
severe
socioeconomic
consequences.
Quantifying
the
influence
of
human-induced
climate
change
on
such
extreme
event
can
help
prepare
for
future
droughts.
Here,
by
combining
observations
and
model
outputs
hydrological
land-surface
simulations,
we
show
that
Central
Southern
experienced
highest
observed
total
water
storage
deficit
since
satellite
began
in
2002,
probably
representing
most
widespread
soil
moisture
past
six
decades.
While
precipitation
deficits
primarily
drove
drought,
global
warming
contributed
to
over
30%
intensity
its
spatial
extent
via
enhanced
evaporation.
We
identify
14–41%
contribution
was
mediated
warming-driven
drying
occurred
before
year
indicating
importance
considering
lagged
effects
avoid
underestimating
associated
risks.
Human-induced
had
qualitatively
similar
extremely
low
river
discharges.
These
results
highlight
droughts
are
already
underway,
long
lasting,
risk
may
escalate
further
future.
Journal of Ecology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
112(8), P. 1787 - 1803
Published: July 12, 2024
Abstract
The
frequency
of
consecutive
drought
years
is
predicted
to
increase
due
climate
change.
These
droughts
have
strong
negative
impacts
on
forest
ecosystems.
Mixing
tree
species
proposed
the
resistance
and
resilience
communities.
However,
this
promising
diversity
effect
has
not
yet
been
investigated
under
extreme
conditions
in
context
complementary
mycorrhizal
associations
their
potential
role
improving
water
uptake.
Here,
we
investigate
whether
promotes
growth
responses
are
modulated
by
associations.
We
used
inventory
data
(2015–2021)
from
a
young
experiment
Germany,
manipulating
richness
(1,
2
4
species)
type
(communities
containing
arbuscular
[AM]
or
ectomycorrhizal
[EM]
species,
both).
For
all
communities,
calculated
basal
area
increment
periods
before,
during
after
concepts
quantify
drought.
found
declines
2018–2020
for
most
Contrary
our
hypothesis,
did
find
that
per
se
can
buffer
growth.
while
EM
decreased
with
richness,
they
increased
AM
communities
comprising
both
types.
highlight
among
various
mixtures
only
those
mixed
types
outperformed
respective
monocultures
Furthermore,
drought,
community
tends
segregate
into
‘winner’
‘loser’
terms
diversity,
indicating
possible
intensification
competition.
While
cannot
disentangle
underlying
mechanisms
clarify
mycorrhiza
findings
suggest
within
could
help
safeguard
forests
against
increasing
frequency.
Synthesis
.
Drought
depend
association
diverse
holds
promise
restoration
face
