Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Autophagy, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 12(1), С. 1 - 222

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2016

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered field. Our knowledge base relevant technologies also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important update these monitoring autophagy different organisms. Various reviews described range assays that used purpose. Nevertheless, there continues be confusion regarding acceptable methods measure autophagy, especially multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point needs emphasized difference between measurements monitor numbers or volume autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes autolysosomes) at any stage process versus those flux through pathway (i.e., complete including amount rate cargo sequestered degraded). particular, block macroautophagy results autophagosome accumulation must differentiated from stimuli increase activity, defined as increased induction coupled with delivery to, degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes some protists such Dictyostelium) vacuole plants fungi). other words, investigators field understand appearance more does not necessarily equate fact, cases, accumulate because trafficking without concomitant change biogenesis, whereas an autolysosomes may reflect reduction degradative activity. It worth emphasizing here lysosomal digestion evaluating its competence crucial part evaluation flux, autophagy. Here, present selection interpretation use by who aim examine related processes, well reviewers need provide realistic reasonable critiques papers are focused processes. These meant formulaic rules, appropriate depend question being asked system used. addition, emphasize no individual assay guaranteed one every situation, strongly recommend multiple Along lines, potential pleiotropic effects due blocking genetic manipulation, imperative target gene knockout RNA interference than autophagy-related protein. Atg proteins, groups involved cellular pathways implying all proteins can specific marker process. guidelines, consider various assessing what information can, cannot, obtained them. Finally, discussing merits limits particular assays, hope encourage technical innovation

Язык: Английский

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Ferroptosis: A Regulated Cell Death Nexus Linking Metabolism, Redox Biology, and Disease

Cell, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 171(2), С. 273 - 285

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018

Cell Death and Differentiation, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 25(3), С. 486 - 541

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2018

Over the past decade, Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, functional perspectives. Since field continues to expand novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification subroutines focusing mechanistic essential (as opposed correlative dispensable) aspects process. As provide molecularly oriented definitions terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic death, NETotic lysosome-dependent autophagy-dependent immunogenic cellular senescence, mitotic catastrophe, discuss utility neologisms refer highly specialized instances these processes. The mission NCCD is a widely accepted nomenclature in support continued development field.

Язык: Английский

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Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 17(2), С. 97 - 111

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Ferroptosis: Death by Lipid Peroxidation

Trends in Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 26(3), С. 165 - 176

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2015

Язык: Английский

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The molecular machinery of regulated cell death

Cell Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(5), С. 347 - 364

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2019

Cells may die from accidental cell death (ACD) or regulated (RCD). ACD is a biologically uncontrolled process, whereas RCD involves tightly structured signaling cascades and molecularly defined effector mechanisms. A growing number of novel non-apoptotic forms have been identified are increasingly being implicated in various human pathologies. Here, we critically review the current state art regarding types RCD, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, entotic death, netotic parthanatos, lysosome-dependent autophagy-dependent alkaliptosis oxeiptosis. The in-depth comprehension each these lethal subroutines their intercellular consequences uncover therapeutic targets for avoidance pathogenic loss.

Язык: Английский

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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)¹

Autophagy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(1), С. 1 - 382

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2021

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered field. Our knowledge base relevant new technologies also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated monitoring autophagy different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues be confusion regarding acceptable methods evaluate autophagy, especially multicellular eukaryotes. Here, present investigators select interpret examine related processes, reviewers provide realistic reasonable critiques reports that are focused these processes. These not meant dogmatic rules, because appropriateness any assay largely depends question being asked system used. Moreover, no individual perfect every situation, calling use multiple techniques properly monitor each experimental setting. Finally, several core components machinery implicated distinct autophagic processes (canonical noncanonical autophagy), implying genetic approaches block should rely targeting two or more autophagy-related genes ideally participate steps pathway. Along similar lines, proteins involved regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, all them can used as specific marker bona fide responses. critically discuss current assessing information they can, cannot, provide. ultimate goal encourage intellectual technical innovation

Язык: Английский

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Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes

The EMBO Journal, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 36(13), С. 1811 - 1836

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Immunological Effects of Conventional Chemotherapy and Targeted Anticancer Agents

Cancer Cell, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 28(6), С. 690 - 714

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Old, new and emerging functions of caspases

Cell Death and Differentiation, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 22(4), С. 526 - 539

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2014

Язык: Английский

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