Beyond chemoreception: diverse tasks of soluble olfactory proteins in insects

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 93(1), С. 184 - 200

Опубликована: Май 7, 2017

ABSTRACT Odorant‐binding proteins ( OBPs ) and chemosensory CSPs are regarded as carriers of pheromones odorants in insect chemoreception. These typically located antennae, mouth organs other structures; however, members both classes have been detected recently parts the body various functions proposed. The best studied these non‐sensory tasks is performed pheromone glands, where solubilise hydrophobic semiochemicals assist their controlled release into environment. In some cases same expressed antennae thus performing a dual role receiving broadcasting chemical message. Several reports described reproductive organs. Some male specific transferred to females during mating. They likely carry with different proposed roles, from inhibiting males approaching mated females, marking fertilized eggs, but further experimental evidence still needed. Before being discovered insects, presence binding glands was widely reported mammals, vertebrate , structurally insects belonging lipocalin superfamily, abundant rodent urine, pig saliva vaginal discharge hamster, well seminal fluid rabbits. at least four promote development regeneration: embryo maturation honeybee, limb regeneration cockroach, ecdysis larvae fire ants promoting phase shift locusts. Both also important nutrition solubilisers lipids essential components diet. Particularly interesting affinity for carotenoids abundantly secreted proboscis moths butterflies occurrence (or very similar eyes insects. A carrier visual pigments parallels that retinol‐binding protein vertebrates, related vertebrates. Other include anti‐inflammatory action haematophagous resistance insecticides eggshell formation. Such multiplicity roles high success adapted situations stable scaffolding determining excellent stability temperature, proteolysis denaturing agents. wide versatility nature has suggested several uses biotechnological applications, biosensors odours scavengers pollutants releasers chemicals

Язык: Английский

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The house spider genome reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication during arachnid evolution

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2017

The duplication of genes can occur through various mechanisms and is thought to make a major contribution the evolutionary diversification organisms. There increasing evidence for large-scale in some chelicerate lineages including two rounds whole genome (WGD) horseshoe crabs. To investigate this further, we sequenced analyzed common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. We found pervasive both coding non-coding spider, clusters Hox genes. Analysis synteny conservation across P. tepidariorum suggests that there has been an ancient WGD spiders. Comparison with genomes other chelicerates, newly bark scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus, event occurred ancestor spiders scorpions, probably independent WGDs Furthermore, characterization sequence expression paralogs many have subject neo-functionalization and/or sub-functionalization since their duplication. Our results reveal scorpions are likely descendants polyploid lived more than 450 MYA. Given extensive morphological diversity ecological adaptations among these animals, rivaling those vertebrates, our study Arachnopulmonata provides new comparative platform explore divergent outcomes polyploidization events eukaryotes.

Язык: Английский

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Tick-Pathogen Interactions and Vector Competence: Identification of Molecular Drivers for Tick-Borne Diseases

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2017

Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human animal health worldwide. Vector competence is component of vectorial capacity depends on genetic determinants affecting ability vector to pathogen. These affect traits such as tick-host-pathogen susceptibility pathogen infection. Therefore, elucidation mechanisms involved in tick-pathogen interactions that essential identification molecular drivers tick-borne diseases. In this review, we provide comprehensive overview bacteria, viruses, protozoa health. Additionally, impact tick microbiome these was considered. Results show different evolved similar strategies manipulation immune response infect vectors facilitate multiplication transmission. Furthermore, some may be used by both mammalian hosts. Identification promote survival, spread, transmission provides opportunity disrupt lead reduction prevalence Targeting infection ticks assist development preventative against multiple

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary changes in symbiont community structure in ticks

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 26(11), С. 2905 - 2921

Опубликована: Март 10, 2017

Abstract Ecological specialization to restricted diet niches is driven by obligate, and often maternally inherited, symbionts in many arthropod lineages. These heritable typically form evolutionarily stable associations with arthropods that can last for millions of years. Ticks were recently found harbour such an obligate symbiont, Coxiella ‐ LE , synthesizes B vitamins cofactors not obtained sufficient quantities from blood diet. In this study, the examination 81 tick species shows some symbioses are ancient acquisition followed codiversification as observed ticks belonging Rhipicephalus genus. However, other characterized low evolutionary stability frequent host shifts extinction events. Further revealed presence nine genera inherited bacteria ticks. Although these primarily thought be facultative, their distribution among rather suggests at least four may have independently replaced likely represent alternative symbionts. Phylogenetic evidence otherwise indicates cocladogenesis globally rare most originate via horizontal transfer existing symbiont between unrelated species. As a result, structure communities fixed across phylogeny. Most importantly, commonly reach high levels diversity up six coexisting within We further conjecture interactions pivotal drivers community both

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Evolution of the Major Arthropod Chemoreceptor Gene Families

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 64(1), С. 227 - 242

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2018

The evolutionary origins of the three major families chemoreceptors in arthropods-the odorant receptor (OR), gustatory (GR), and ionotropic (IR) families-occurred at base Insecta, Animalia, Protostomia, respectively. Comparison family sizes across arthropods reveals a generally positive correlation with their widely disparate complexity chemical ecology. Closely related species reveal ongoing processes gene evolution, including duplication, divergence, pseudogenization, loss, that mediate these larger patterns. Sets paralogous receptors within selection on amino acids regions likely to contribute ligand binding specificity. Ligands many ORs some GRs IRs have been identified; however, identification for more is needed, as are structures OR/GR superfamily, improve our understanding molecular evolution ecologically important arthropods.

Язык: Английский

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Large-Scale Comparative Analyses of Tick Genomes Elucidate Their Genetic Diversity and Vector Capacities

Cell, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 182(5), С. 1328 - 1340.e13

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Clonal genome evolution and rapid invasive spread of the marbled crayfish

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 2(3), С. 567 - 573

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2018

Abstract The marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis is a unique freshwater characterized by very recent speciation and parthenogenetic reproduction. Marbled also represent an emerging invasive species have formed wild populations in diverse habitats. However, our understanding of biology, evolution spread has been hampered the lack genome sequences. We now established de novo draft assembly genome. determined size at approximately 3.5 gigabase pairs identified >21,000 genes. Further analysis confirmed close relationship to slough crayfish, fallax , triploid AA’B genotype with high level heterozygosity. Systematic fieldwork genotyping demonstrated rapid expansion on Madagascar as potent invader ecosystems. Furthermore, comparative whole-genome sequencing clonality population their genetic identity oldest known stock from German aquarium trade. Our study closes important gap phylogenetic animal genomes uncovers evolutionary history species.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and evolution of the P450 family in arthropods

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 127, С. 103490 - 103490

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2020

The P450 family (CYP genes) of arthropods encodes diverse enzymes involved in the metabolism foreign compounds and essential endocrine or ecophysiological functions. sequences (CYPome) from 40 arthropod species were manually curated, including 31 complete CYPomes, a maximum likelihood phylogeny nearly 3000 is presented. Arthropod CYPomes are assembled members six CYP clans variable size, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4 mitochondrial clans, as well CYP20 CYP16 that not found Neoptera. CYPome sizes vary two dozen genes some parasitic to over 200 collembolans ticks. comprised few families with many genes, this distribution result dynamic birth death processes. Lineage-specific expansions blooms throughout often genomic clusters appear form reservoir catalytic diversity maintained heritable units. Among P450s physiological functions, ecdysteroid metabolism. However, five so-called Halloween universally represented do constitute unique pathway biosynthesis. has only partially been uncovered date functions regulating synthesis degradation endogenous signal molecules (including ecdysteroids) semiochemicals pheromones defense chemicals) remain be discovered. Sequence extreme, lacking conserved Cys ligand heme have evolved several times. A better understanding evolution needed discern relative contributions stochastic processes adaptive shaping size CYPomes.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary History of Chemosensory-Related Gene Families across the Arthropoda

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 34(8), С. 1838 - 1862

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2017

Chemosensory-related gene (CRG) families have been studied extensively in insects, but their evolutionary history across the Arthropoda had remained relatively unexplored. Here, we address current hypotheses and prior conclusions on CRG family evolution using a more comprehensive data set. In particular, odorant receptors were hypothesized to proliferated during terrestrial colonization by insects (hexapods), association with other pancrustacean clades independent colonizations arthropod subphyla unclear. We also examine which is most ancient. Thus, reconstructed phylogenies of CRGs, including those from new genomes transcriptomes, mapped gains losses lineages. Our analysis was strengthened crustaceans, especially copepods, reside outside hexapod/branchiopod clade within subphylum Pancrustacea. generated first high-resolution genome sequence copepod Eurytemora affinis annotated its CRGs. found binding proteins present only hexapods (insects) absent all lineages, indicating that they are not universal adaptations land. Gustatory likely represent oldest chemosensory among dating back Placozoa. clarified confirmed antennal ionotropic Arthropoda. All E. expressed highly males than females, suggestive an male mate-recognition behavior. This study comparative date largest speciose metazoan phylum

Язык: Английский

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Interactions between Borrelia burgdorferi and ticks

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(10), С. 587 - 600

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

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