An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm

BioScience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 67(6), С. 534 - 545

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2017

We assess progress toward the protection of 50% terrestrial biosphere to address species-extinction crisis and conserve a global ecological heritage for future generations. Using map Earth's 846 ecoregions, we show that 98 ecoregions (12%) exceed Half Protected; 313 (37%) fall short Protected but have sufficient unaltered habitat remaining reach target; 207 (24%) are in peril, where an average only 4% natural remains. propose Global Deal Nature-a companion Paris Climate Deal-to promote increased restoration, national- ecoregion-scale conservation strategies, empowerment indigenous peoples protect their sovereign lands. The goal such accord would be half realm by 2050 halt extinction while sustaining human livelihoods.

Язык: Английский

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Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements

Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 359(6374), С. 466 - 469

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2018

Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database 803 individuals 57 species, we found that mammals in areas with comparatively high human were average one-half to one-third extent their low footprint. We attribute this reduction behavioral changes individual animals exclusion long-range from higher impact. Global loss vagility alters key ecological trait affects only population persistence but also processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, disease transmission.

Язык: Английский

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The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality

Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 360(6394), С. 1232 - 1235

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2018

Nocturnal refuge As the human population grows, there are fewer places for animals to live out their lives independently of our influence. Given mostly diurnal tendencies, one domain that remains less affected by humans is night. Gaynor et al. found across globe and mammalian species—from deer coyotes from tigers wild boar—animals becoming more nocturnal (see Perspective Benítez-López). Human activities all kinds, including nonlethal pastimes such as hiking, seem drive make use hours when we not around. Such changes may provide some relief, but they also have ecosystem-level consequences. Science , this issue p. 1232 ; see 1185

Язык: Английский

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The exceptional value of intact forest ecosystems

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 2(4), С. 599 - 610

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity losses and conservation responses in the Anthropocene

Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 356(6335), С. 270 - 275

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2017

Biodiversity is essential to human well-being, but people have been reducing biodiversity throughout history. Loss of species and degradation ecosystems are likely further accelerate in the coming years. Our understanding this crisis now clear, world leaders pledged avert it. Nonetheless, global goals reduce rate loss mostly not achieved. However, many examples conservation success show that losses can be halted even reversed. Building on these lessons turn tide will require bold innovative action transform historical relationships between populations nature.

Язык: Английский

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One-third of global protected land is under intense human pressure

Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 360(6390), С. 788 - 791

Опубликована: Май 17, 2018

In an era of massive biodiversity loss, the greatest conservation success story has been growth protected land globally. Protected areas are primary defense against but extensive human activity within their boundaries can undermine this. Using most comprehensive global map pressure, we show that 6 million square kilometers (32.8%) is under intense pressure. For designated before Convention on Biological Diversity was ratified in 1992, 55% have since experienced pressure increases. These increases were lowest large, strict areas, showing they potentially effective, at least some nations. Transparent reporting now critical, as targets aimed efforts required to halt loss.

Язык: Английский

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EXIOBASE 3: Developing a Time Series of Detailed Environmentally Extended Multi‐Regional Input‐Output Tables

Journal of Industrial Ecology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 22(3), С. 502 - 515

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2018

Summary Environmentally extended multiregional input‐output (EE MRIO) tables have emerged as a key framework to provide comprehensive description of the global economy and analyze its effects on environment. Of available EE MRIO databases, EXIOBASE stands out database compatible with System Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA) high sectorial detail matched multiple social environmental satellite accounts. In this paper, we present latest developments realized 3—a time series ranging from 1995 2011 for 44 countries (28 EU member plus 16 major economies) five rest world regions. 3 builds upon previous versions by using rectangular supply‐use (SUTs) in 163 industry 200 products classification main building blocks. order capture structural changes, economic developments, reported national statistical agencies, were imposed available, disaggregated SUTs 2. These initial estimates further refined incorporating detailed data energy, agricultural production, resource extraction, bilateral trade. inherits level stressor precursor, improvement extraction. To account expansion European Union (EU), was developed full EU28 country set (including new state Croatia). provides unique tool analyzing dynamics pressures activities over time.

Язык: Английский

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Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 586(7828), С. 217 - 227

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2020

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature—one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based measures, are likely extend diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation management effectiveness diminish potential role stemming loss. Here we show how expansion by national governments since 2010 has had limited success increasing coverage across different elements (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' wilderness areas) ecosystem services (productive fisheries, carbon on land sea). To be more successful after 2020, must contribute effectively meeting goals—ranging from preventing extinctions retaining most-intact ecosystems—and better collaborate with many Indigenous peoples, community groups private initiatives central biodiversity. The long-term requires parties Convention Biological Diversity secure adequate financing, plan climate change make far stronger part land, water sea policies. conservation—including measures—after 2020 depend securing funding prioritizing management.

Язык: Английский

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A standard protocol for reporting species distribution models

Ecography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(9), С. 1261 - 1277

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

Species distribution models (SDMs) constitute the most common class of across ecology, evolution and conservation. The advent ready‐to‐use software packages increasing availability digital geoinformation have considerably assisted application SDMs in past decade, greatly enabling their broader use for informing conservation management, quantifying impacts from global change. However, must be fit purpose, with all important aspects development applications properly considered. Despite widespread SDMs, standardisation documentation modelling protocols remain limited, which makes it hard to assess whether steps are appropriate end use. To address these issues, we propose a standard protocol reporting an emphasis on describing how study's objective is achieved through series modeling decisions. We call this ODMAP (Overview, Data, Model, Assessment Prediction) protocol, as its components reflect main involved building other empirically‐based biodiversity models. serves two purposes. First, provides checklist authors, detailing key model analyses, thus represents quick guide generic workflow modern SDMs. Second, introduces structured format documenting communicating models, ensuring transparency reproducibility, facilitating peer review expert evaluation quality, well meta‐analyses. detail elements ODMAP, explain can used different objectives applications, complements efforts store associated metadata define standards. illustrate utility by revisiting nine previously published case studies, provide interactive web‐based facilitate plan advance encouraging further refinement adoption scientific community.

Язык: Английский

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Remote sensing of night lights: A review and an outlook for the future

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 237, С. 111443 - 111443

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2019

Язык: Английский

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