Evolutionary Trade-Off between Secondary Sexual Traits and Ejaculates

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 32(12), С. 964 - 976

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2017

Язык: Английский

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The total opportunity for sexual selection and the integration of pre‐ and post‐mating episodes of sexual selection in a complex world

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 29(12), С. 2338 - 2361

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2016

It is well known that sexual selection can target reproductive traits during successive pre- and post-mating episodes of selection. A key focus recent studies has been to understand quantify how these interact determine overall variance in success. In this article, we review empirical developments field but also highlight the considerable variability patterns selection, attributable variation resource acquisition allocation, ecological social factors, genotype-by-environment interaction possible methodological factors might obscure such patterns. Our aim (co)variances sexually selected be sensitive changes a range environmental variables. We argue failure capture when quantifying opportunity for may lead erroneous conclusions about strength, direction or form operating on traits. Overall, advocate approaches combine measures across contrasting gradients better dynamics polyandrous species. discuss some directions future research area.

Язык: Английский

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Sub-acute exposure of male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOA and GenX induces significant changes in the testis transcriptome and reproductive traits

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187, С. 108703 - 108703

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are frequently detected in the environment linked to adverse reproductive health outcomes humans. Although legacy PFAS have been phased out due their toxicity, alternative increasingly used despite fact that information on toxic effects traits is particularly scarce. Here, we exposed male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) for a short period (21 days) an environmentally realistic concentration (1 ppb) of PFOA, PFAS, its replacement compound, GenX, assess impact gene expression. Exposure did not impair survival but instead caused sublethal effects. Overall, exposure changes sexual behaviour had detrimental sperm motility. Sublethal variations were also seen at transcriptional level, with modulation genes involved immune regulation, spermatogenesis, oxidative stress. We observed bioaccumulation which was higher PFOA than GenX. Our results offer comprehensive comparison these two shed light toxicity newly emerging PFAS. It therefore evident even low concentrations exposure, can subtle yet significant behaviour, fertility, immunity. These findings underscore potential ramifications pollution under natural conditions fish populations.

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying episodes of sexual selection: Insights from a transparent worm with fluorescent sperm

Evolution, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 70(2), С. 314 - 328

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2016

Sexual selection operates through consecutive episodes of that ultimately contribute to the observed variance in reproductive success between individuals. Understanding relative importance these is challenging, particularly because relevant postcopulatory fitness components are often difficult assess. Here, we investigate different sexual on male sex function, by assessing how (precopulatory) mating success, and (postcopulatory) sperm‐transfer efficiency sperm‐fertilizing success. Specifically, used a transgenic line transparent flatworm, Macrostomum lignano, which expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) all cell types, including sperm cells, enabling vivo tracking paternity analysis. We found large proportion arose from episodes. Moreover, also quantified differentials 10 morphological traits. Testis size seminal vesicle showed significant positive differentials, were mainly due efficiency. Overall, our results demonstrate M. lignano not primarily limited number matings achieved, but rather ability convert into successful fertilizations, facilitated producing many sperm.

Язык: Английский

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Developmental Environment Effects on Sexual Selection in Male and Female Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 11(5), С. e0154468 - e0154468

Опубликована: Май 11, 2016

The developmental environment can potentially alter the adult social and influence traits targeted by sexual selection such as body size. In this study, we manipulated larval density in male female Drosophila melanogaster, which results distinct size phenotypes–high (low) densities for small (large) adults–and measured experimental groups consisting of males females from high, low, or a mixture low high densities. Overall, large (those reared at density) had more matings, mates produced offspring than density). number was positively associated with their (i.e. there positive Bateman gradient) where experimentally varied, likely due to covariance between productivity mating rate. For males, found evidence that affected relative importance via mate (Bateman gradients), productivity, paternity share, covariances. Mate were significantly reduced environments mixed sizes, versus all small, suggesting heterogeneity altered on subset males. Males are commonly assumed benefit females, but contrast expectations both did not gain per females. Collectively, our indicate sex-specific effects operation selection, phenotype individuals, competitors mates.

Язык: Английский

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Sperm competition and fertilization mode in fishes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1813), С. 20200074 - 20200074

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2020

Sperm competition is a powerful selective force that has shaped sexual traits throughout animal evolution. Yet, how fertilization mode (i.e. external versus internal fertilization) influences the scope and potential for sperm to act on ejaculates remains unclear. Here, I examine shapes ejaculatory responses in fishes, diverse group constitute majority of vertebrate biological diversity. Fishes are an ideal this examination because they exhibit wide range reproductive behaviours unparalleled number transitions compared any other group. Drawing data from cartilaginous bony first show rates multiple paternity higher internally than externally fertilizing contrary prevailing expectation. then summarize acts quality highlighting where theoretical predictions differ between these groups. Differences respond modes most apparent when considering size swimming performance. Clarifying evolutionary will inform our understanding ejaculate evolution across tree life. This article part theme issue ‘Fifty years competition’.

Язык: Английский

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Population density and structure drive differential investment in pre- and postmating sexual traits in frogs

Evolution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 71(6), С. 1686 - 1699

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2017

Sexual selection theory predicts a trade‐off between premating (ornaments and armaments) postmating (testes ejaculates) sexual traits, assuming that growing maintaining these traits is costly total reproductive investments are limited. The number of males in competition, the gains from investing level sperm competition all predicted to influence how allocate their finite resources traits. Yet, empirical examination predictions currently scarce. Here, we studied relative expenditure on pre‐ among frog species varying population density, operational sex ratio, competing for each clutch eggs. We found intensifying struggle monopolize fertilizations as more clasp same female fertilize her eggs shifts male investment toward production away weaponry. This shift, which mediated by density associated male–male likely also explains our much broader sample anuran species. Our results highlight power such multilevel approach resolving evolution allocation trade‐offs.

Язык: Английский

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Differential effects of male nutrient balance on pre- and post-copulatory traits, and consequences for female reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2016

Abstract Male fitness depends on the expression of costly traits involved in obtaining mates (pre-copulatory) and fertilization (post-copulatory). However, very little is known about nutrient requirements for these whether males compromise their diet to maximize one trait at expense another. Here we used Nutritional Geometry investigate macronutrient pre- post-copulatory Drosophila , when were first or second mate with females. We found no significant effects male sperm competitiveness. although self-regulate intake a protein-to-carbohydrate ratio (“P:C ratio”) 1:1.5, this does not coincide optima several key reproductive traits: both short-term (~24 hr) rate offspring production after female’s mating, as well total number sired maximized P:C 1:9, whereas attractiveness (latency mate), maximised 1:1. These results suggest compromised optimum diet, single that simultaneously maximizes all traits. The protein also negatively affected female following remating, suggesting long-term intersexual effect nutrition.

Язык: Английский

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Pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection favor aggressive, young males in polyandrous groups of red junglefowl

Evolution, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 71(6), С. 1653 - 1669

Опубликована: Март 28, 2017

A challenge in evolutionary biology is to understand the operation of sexual selection on males polyandrous groups, where occurs before and after mating. Here, we combine fine-grained behavioral information (>41,000 interactions) with molecular parentage data study replicated, age-structured groups red junglefowl, Gallus gallus. Male reproductive success was determined by number females mated (precopulatory selection) his paternity share, which driven polyandry female partners (postcopulatory selection). Pre- postcopulatory components male covaried positively; high mating also had share. Two phenotypes affected pre- performance: average aggressiveness toward rival age. Aggressive more often individual females, resulting higher exclusivity. Similarly, younger suffering less intense sperm competition than older males. Older a lower share even allowing for their limited exclusivity, indicating they may produce competitive ejaculates. These results show that-in these populations-postcopulatory reinforces precopulatory selection, consistently promoting aggressive

Язык: Английский

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Reproducing in hot water: Experimental heatwaves deteriorate multiple reproductive traits in a freshwater ectotherm

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(4), С. 989 - 1004

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2023

Abstract Heatwaves are occurring at an increasing frequency and intensity under ongoing climate change. As many reproductive traits—including mating behaviour gamete traits—are sensitive even to small temperature changes, the impact of heatwaves on reproduction sexual selection processes is likely be vast. Also, evaluating whether sexes respond differently these extreme events crucial understand fecundity consequences population level. Nonetheless, our knowledge effects key aspects animal life still limited. Here, we expose recently mated male female guppies Poecilia reticulata experimental heatwave (32°C, 6°C above control, for 5 days) determine its several traits, including behaviour, condition, ornamentation fertility. Using this design, in contrast alternative setups, had possibility attribute males' females' traits independently. Overall, results indicate that can drastically affect unravel sex‐specific responses. In males, there was no effect survival, but both pre‐ postcopulatory were affected. After heatwave, detected a decrease orange colouration (the most important ornament which choice based) overall level activity, shift preferred tactic towards forced copulation attempts. The latter suggests implications conflict dynamics, as copulations override mate choice. after males more sperm lower quality, and, addition, increased variance number. may thus result compromised ability secure matings fertilizations. females, significantly affected with mortality short term, impaired fecundity, females from treatment not reproducing all. negative unravelled by study could have major dynamics persistence. It highlights need further studies how reproduction, improve understanding impacts Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

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