Physiology of Astroglia

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 98(1), С. 239 - 389

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2017

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense the central nervous system (CNS). highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude receptors, channels, membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity defines functional maintenance CNS development aging. tightly integrated into networks act within context tissue; astrocytes control at all levels organization from molecular to whole organ.

Язык: Английский

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Neural Circuit-Specialized Astrocytes: Transcriptomic, Proteomic, Morphological, and Functional Evidence

Neuron, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 95(3), С. 531 - 549.e9

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2017

Astrocytes are ubiquitous in the brain and widely held to be largely identical. However, this view has not been fully tested, possibility that astrocytes neural circuit specialized remains unexplored. Here, we used multiple integrated approaches, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), mass spectrometry, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy, morphological reconstructions, pharmacogenetics, diffusible dye, calcium, glutamate imaging, directly compare adult striatal hippocampal under identical conditions. We found significant differences electrophysiological properties, Ca2+ signaling, morphology, astrocyte-synapse proximity between astrocytes. Unbiased evaluation of actively translated proteomic data confirmed astrocyte diversity circuits. thus report core reveal evidence for within circuits, provide new, database resources approaches explore function throughout brain.Video AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiI0OGY5MjVkMzgwOGU0NTkwZGMzNTRhMjQwZjZkMWM0OCIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjc3ODAzMzg0fQ.MwSBbMAp8Z94bVovEvEtEK9rSaCme1FWQaVStp6O8krax6PBRClksqtYhGWrI6xK8ct9tTpHJOavNya9agX01pfBV5Xv2_BxcAlr-eYdkIlnW6ddiNKQ9_7eEHZulgpmyVbQq2DLjKc1qNoV1ABBLI5qYU4yHQPnu-EI2_RASm5h1NErzRmbGIHeglc9V82L8hZBX8NyvUw74JxMPzvU4cgxuX5JBvnXBUOvw2oTkF0oPeBvpSchW6EKQzen4Skxhu-LXb5aAa3LkCMU3JhcCep28BCCVsKkV1kx3RuXhdJgkWD2ucI-70LBWqUvhtG-49ThFs0TB8dIBr74DrFLKA(mp4, (55.46 MB) Download video

Язык: Английский

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Astrocytic Activation Generates De Novo Neuronal Potentiation and Memory Enhancement

Cell, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 174(1), С. 59 - 71.e14

Опубликована: Май 24, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The Emerging Nature of Astrocyte Diversity

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 42(1), С. 187 - 207

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2019

Astrocytes are morphologically complex, ubiquitous cells that viewed as a homogeneous population tiling the entire central nervous system (CNS). However, this view has been challenged in last few years with availability of RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, morphological reconstruction, and imaging data. These studies suggest astrocytes represent diverse they display brain area– disease–specific properties functions. In review, we summarize these observations, emphasize areas where clear conclusions can be made, discuss potential unifying themes. We also identify knowledge gaps need to addressed order exploit astrocyte diversity biological phenomenon physiological relevance CNS. thus provide summary perspective on vertebrate

Язык: Английский

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New Transgenic Mouse Lines for Selectively Targeting Astrocytes and Studying Calcium Signals in Astrocyte Processes In Situ and In Vivo

Neuron, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 92(6), С. 1181 - 1195

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Astrocytes and Microglia: In Sickness and in Health

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(3), С. 144 - 154

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Human astrocytes: structure and functions in the healthy brain

Brain Structure and Function, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 222(5), С. 2017 - 2029

Опубликована: Март 9, 2017

Data collected on astrocytes' physiology in the rodent have placed them as key regulators of synaptic, neuronal, network, and cognitive functions. While these findings proved highly valuable for our awareness appreciation non-neuronal cell significance brain physiology, early structural phylogenic investigations human astrocytes hinted at potentially different astrocytic properties. This idea sparked interest to replicate rodent-based studies samples, which revealed an analogous but enhanced involvement neuronal function brain. Such evidence pointed a central role sustaining more complex information processing. Here, we review current state knowledge regarding their structure, gene profile, functions, highlighting differences with astrocytes. recent insight is essential assessment relevance using animal models comprehending functional species-specific properties Moreover, since dysfunctional been described many disorders, thorough understanding human-specific crucial better-adapted translational applications.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Closing the translational gap between rodent models and human vascular cognitive impairment and dementia

Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 131(19), С. 2451 - 2468

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2017

Increasing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors contribute to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment and dementia. While there is considerable overlap between features of dementia (VCID) Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it appears cerebral hypoperfusion the common underlying pathophysiological mechanism which a major contributor decline degenerative processes leading Sustained suggested be cause white matter attenuation, key feature both AD associated with small vessel (SVD). White changes increase for stroke, disability. A gap has been lack mechanistic insights into evolution progress VCID. However, this closing recent refinement rodent models replicate chronic hypoperfusion. In review, we discuss relevance advantages these in elucidating pathogenesis VCID explore interplay deposition amyloid β (Aβ) protein, as relates AD. We use examples our investigations illustrate utility model preclinical testing candidate drugs lifestyle factors. propose such necessary tackling urgently needed translational from clinical treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Reducing Astrocyte Calcium Signaling In Vivo Alters Striatal Microcircuits and Causes Repetitive Behavior

Neuron, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 99(6), С. 1170 - 1187.e9

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Glia Accumulate Evidence that Actions Are Futile and Suppress Unsuccessful Behavior

Cell, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 178(1), С. 27 - 43.e19

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2019

When a behavior repeatedly fails to achieve its goal, animals often give up and become passive, which can be strategic for preserving energy or regrouping between attempts. It is unknown how the brain identifies behavioral failures mediates this behavioral-state switch. In larval zebrafish swimming in virtual reality, visual feedback withheld so that swim attempts fail trigger expected flow. After tens of seconds such motor futility, became passive similar durations. Whole-brain calcium imaging revealed noradrenergic neurons responded specifically failed radial astrocytes whose levels accumulated with increasing numbers Using cell ablation optogenetic chemogenetic activation, we found progressively activated brainstem astrocytes, then suppressed swimming. Thus, perform computation critical behavior: they accumulate evidence current actions are ineffective consequently drive changes states. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Язык: Английский

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