A Review of Obesity, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Disease

Current Obesity Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(4), С. 571 - 581

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(6), С. 2403 - 2424

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

The occurrence of obesity has increased across the whole world. Many epidemiological studies have indicated that strongly contributes to development cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver diseases and other disorders, accounting for a heavy burden on public health-care systems every year. Excess energy uptake induces adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperplasia formation visceral fat in non-adipose tissues evoke disease, diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete adipokines inflammatory cytokines affect local microenvironment, induce insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, activate associated signaling pathways. This further exacerbates progression obesity-associated Although some progress treatment been achieved preclinical clinical studies, pathogenesis obesity-induced are complex unclear. We still need understand their links better guide In this review, we review between with view improve future management its co-morbidities.

Язык: Английский

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Towards a multidisciplinary approach to understand and manage obesity and related diseases

Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 36(4), С. 917 - 938

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and increased urinary albumin excretion in adults: A population-based study

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2022

The negative effect of obesity on kidney health has been reported. association between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI, a newly developed adiposity index) and albuminuria not reported earlier.This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with complete data about WWI urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 2005-2018 National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). calculated as waist circumference (WC) divided by the square root weight. Weighted multivariable logistic regression generalized additive model were employed to explore independent relationship its non-linearity. A two-piecewise linear used calculate threshold effect. Subgroup analysis interaction tests also performed.A total 36,921 participants enrolled prevalence 9.32%. increased higher tertiles (Tertile 1: 5.31%, Tertile 2: 8.23%, 3: 15.65%). positively associated likelihood (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15-1.43), this remains stable subgroups (all P for trend > 0.05). Non-linear positive relationships detected females breakpoint 10.93. 1.39, 1.20-1.61) observed right breakpoint, while left no statistical significance. showed stronger correlation 1.28) than other markers including body mass (BMI, OR 1.02) WC 1.01).Weight-adjusted-waist levels related an United States BMI WC. Our findings indicated that may serve simple anthropometric predict albuminuria.

Язык: Английский

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Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mediates Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness in Females

Circulation Research, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 118(6), С. 935 - 943

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2016

Enhanced activation of the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in cardiovascular tissues increases oxidative stress, maladaptive immune responses, and inflammation with associated functional vascular abnormalities. We previously demonstrated that consumption a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks results aortic stiffening, these abnormalities were prevented by systemic MR blockade female mice. However, cell-specific role endothelial cell (ECMR) effects has not been explored.We hypothesized specific deletion ECMR would prevent WD-induced sodium channel activation, reductions bioavailable nitric oxide, increased remodeling, stiffness females.Four-week-old knockout wild-type mice fed either mouse chow or WD weeks. feeding resulted dysfunction as determined vivo pulse wave velocity ex atomic force microscopy, wire pressure myography. The was enhanced attenuated oxide synthase proinflammatory response fibrosis. Conversely, deficiency fibrosis conjunction stress macrophage polarization, restoration activation.Increased signaling plays key reduced production, lead to remodeling

Язык: Английский

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Cellular mechanisms underlying obesity-induced arterial stiffness

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 314(3), С. R387 - R398

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2017

Obesity is an emerging pandemic driven by consumption of a diet rich in fat and highly refined carbohydrates (a Western diet) sedentary lifestyle both children adults. There mounting evidence that arterial stiffness obesity independent strong predictor cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive functional decline, chronic kidney disease. Cardiovascular precursor to atherosclerosis, systolic hypertension, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, impairment coronary cerebral flow. Moreover, premenopausal women lose the CVD protection normally afforded them setting obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, this loss inextricably linked increased propensity for stiffness. Stiffness endothelial vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix remodeling, perivascular adipose tissue inflammation, immune cell dysfunction contribute development obesity. Enhanced cortical decreases generation nitric oxide, oxidative stress promotes destruction oxide. Our research over past 5 years has underscored important role aldosterone mineralocorticoid receptor activation driving stiffness, especially females consuming diet. In review cellular mechanisms obesity-associated are highlighted.

Язык: Английский

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The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in Obesity and Hypertension

Medical Clinics of North America, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 101(1), С. 129 - 137

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: where we are and where we are going

The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 32(3), С. 404 - 421

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2017

The global burden of diabetes mellitus and its related complications are currently increasing. Diabetes affects the heart through various mechanisms including microvascular impairment, metabolic disturbance, subcellular component abnormalities, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, a maladaptive immune response. Eventually, can cause functional structural changes in myocardium without coronary artery disease, disorder known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). There many diagnostic tools management options for DCM, although it is difficult to detect development effectively prevent progression. In this review, we summarize current research regarding pathophysiology pathogenesis DCM. Moreover, discuss emerging evaluation methods treatment strategies which may help our understanding underlying facilitate identification possible new therapeutic targets.

Язык: Английский

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The Link Between Adipose Tissue Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Signaling and Obesity-Associated Hypertension

Physiology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 32(3), С. 197 - 209

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2017

Obese individuals frequently develop hypertension, which is for an important part attributable to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivity. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence on the involvement of dysfunctional adipose tissue in RAAS activation renal, central, vascular mechanisms linking components obesity-associated hypertension.

Язык: Английский

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Low-Dose Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Prevents Western Diet–Induced Arterial Stiffening in Female Mice

Hypertension, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 66(1), С. 99 - 107

Опубликована: Май 27, 2015

Women are especially predisposed to development of arterial stiffening secondary obesity because consumption excessive calories. Enhanced activation vascular mineralocorticoid receptors impairs insulin signaling, induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and maladaptive immune responses. We tested whether a subpressor dose receptor antagonist, spironolactone (1 mg/kg per day) prevents aortic femoral artery in female C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat/high-sugar western diet (WD) for 4 months (ie, from 4-20 weeks age). Aortic stiffness were assessed using ultrasound, pressurized vessel preparations, atomic force microscopy. WD induced weight gain resistance compared with control diet-fed these abnormalities unaffected by spironolactone. Blood pressures heart rates normal or Spironolactone prevented WD-induced aorta artery, as well endothelial smooth muscle cells, within explants. impaired protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase endothelium-dependent endothelium-independent vasodilation. ameliorated medial thickening fibrosis the associated progrowth extracellular 1/2 pathway. Finally, preservation WD-fed was attenuated systemic inflammation an anti-inflammatory shift cell marker genes. Low-dose may represent novel prevention strategy attenuate growth pathway signaling remodeling prevent WD.

Язык: Английский

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