Journal of Biomedical Science,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
26(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2019
Gut
microbiota
interacting
with
an
intact
mucosal
surface
are
key
to
the
maintenance
of
homeostasis
and
health.
This
review
discusses
current
state
knowledge
biofilm
mode
growth
these
communities,
how
in
turn
their
disruptions
may
cause
disease.
Beyond
alterations
relative
microbial
abundance
diversity,
aim
is
focus
on
structure
function,
dispersion
commensal
bacteria,
mechanisms
whereby
dispersed
commensals
become
pathobionts.
Recent
findings
have
linked
iron
acquisition
expression
virulence
factors
gut
that
Causal
studies
emerging,
common
enteropathogen-induced
disruptions,
as
well
those
reported
for
Inflammatory
Bowel
Disease
colo-rectal
cancer
used
examples
illustrate
great
translational
potential
such
research.
These
new
observations
shed
light
our
attempts
develop
therapies
able
protect
restore
many
disease
conditions
been
dysbiosis.
Gut,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
71(5), С. 1020 - 1032
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
is
now
considered
as
one
of
the
key
elements
contributing
to
regulation
host
health.
Virtually
all
our
body
sites
are
colonised
by
microbes
suggesting
different
types
crosstalk
with
organs.
Because
development
molecular
tools
and
techniques
(ie,
metagenomic,
metabolomic,
lipidomic,
metatranscriptomic),
complex
interactions
occurring
between
microorganisms
progressively
being
deciphered.
Nowadays,
deviations
linked
many
diseases
including
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
hepatic
steatosis,
intestinal
bowel
(IBDs)
several
cancer.
Thus,
that
various
pathways
involved
in
immunity,
energy,
lipid
glucose
metabolism
affected.
In
this
review,
specific
attention
given
provide
a
critical
evaluation
current
understanding
field.
Numerous
mechanisms
explaining
how
bacteria
might
be
causally
protection
or
onset
discussed.
We
examine
well-established
metabolites
short-chain
fatty
acids,
bile
trimethylamine
N-oxide)
extend
more
recently
identified
actors
endocannabinoids,
bioactive
lipids,
phenolic-derived
compounds,
advanced
glycation
end
products
enterosynes)
their
receptors
such
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
alpha
(PPARα)
gamma
(PPARγ),
aryl
hydrocarbon
(AhR),
G
protein-coupled
GPR41,
GPR43,
GPR119,
Takeda
5).
Altogether,
complexity
aspects
linking
health
will
help
set
basis
for
novel
therapies
already
developed.
Gut,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
67(9), С. 1716 - 1725
Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2018
The
microbiome
has
received
increasing
attention
over
the
last
15
years.
Although
gut
microbes
have
been
explored
for
several
decades,
investigations
of
role
microorganisms
that
reside
in
human
attracted
much
beyond
classical
infectious
diseases.
For
example,
numerous
studies
reported
changes
microbiota
during
not
only
obesity,
diabetes,
and
liver
diseases
but
also
cancer
even
neurodegenerative
is
viewed
as
a
potential
source
novel
therapeutics.
Between
2013
2017,
number
publications
focusing
on
was,
remarkably,
12
900,
which
represents
four-fifths
total
40
years
investigated
this
topic.
This
review
discusses
recent
evidence
impact
metabolic
disorders
focus
selected
key
mechanisms.
aims
to
provide
critical
analysis
current
knowledge
field,
identify
putative
issues
or
problems
discuss
misinterpretations.
abundance
metagenomic
data
generated
comparing
diseased
healthy
subjects
can
lead
erroneous
claim
bacterium
causally
linked
with
protection
onset
disease.
In
fact,
environmental
factors
such
dietary
habits,
drug
treatments,
intestinal
motility
stool
frequency
consistency
are
all
influence
composition
should
be
considered.
cases
bacteria
Prevotella
copri
Akkermansia
muciniphila
will
discussed
examples.
These
results
reveal
that
not
all
fermentable
fibers
are
equally
capable
of
stimulating
SCFA
production,
and
they
highlight
the
importance
composition
an
individual’s
microbiota
in
determining
whether
or
respond
to
a
specific
dietary
supplement.
In
particular,
R.
bromii
C.
chartatabidum
may
be
required
for
enhanced
butyrate
production
response
RS.
Bifidobacteria,
though
proficient
at
degrading
RS
inulin,
contribute
butyrogenic
effect
those
short
term.
The
gut
microbiota
plays
an
important
role
in
cardio-metabolic
diseases
with
diet
being
among
the
strongest
modulators
of
composition
and
function.
Resistant
dietary
carbohydrates
are
fermented
to
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
by
bacteria.
Fiber
omega-3
rich
diets
increase
SCFAs
production
abundance
SCFA-producing
Likewise,
can
improve
barrier
integrity,
glucose,
lipid
metabolism,
regulate
immune
system,
inflammatory
response,
blood
pressure.
Therefore,
targeting
strategies
leading
increased
SCFA
may
benefit
health.
In
this
review,
we
provide
overview
association
between
diet,
produced
diseases.
We
first
discuss
human
diseases,
then
investigate
finally
explore
beneficial
effects
specific
interventions
that
outcomes
through
boosting
production.
Sociability
can
facilitate
mutually
beneficial
outcomes
such
as
division
of
labor,
cooperative
care,
and
increased
immunity,
but
sociability
also
promote
negative
outcomes,
including
aggression
coercion.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
symbiotic
microorganisms,
specifically
the
microbiota
reside
within
gastrointestinal
system,
may
influence
neurodevelopment
programming
social
behaviors
across
diverse
animal
species.
This
relationship
between
host
microbes
hints
host-microbiota
interactions
have
influenced
evolution
behaviors.
Indeed,
is
used
by
certain
species
a
means
to
communication
among
conspecifics.
Further
understanding
how
brain
in
nature
be
helpful
for
elucidating
causal
mechanisms
underlying
generating
new
therapeutic
strategies
disorders
humans,
autism
spectrum
(ASDs).
