Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(7), С. 1613 - 1613

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Язык: Английский

---

Shaping the Future of Probiotics and Prebiotics

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 29(8), С. 667 - 685

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2021

An expanding range of candidate probiotic species and prebiotic substrates is emerging to address newly elucidated data-driven microbial niches host targets.Overlapping with, adjacent to, the fields, new variants microbiome-modulating interventions are developing, including synbiotics, postbiotics, consortia, live biotherapeutic products, genetically modified organisms, with renewed interest in polyphenols, fibres, fermented foods.Personalised nutrition precision medicine beginning influence application probiotics prebiotics, growing modulation signatures health disease.Demand for prebiotics across divergent product formats driving innovation quality assurance techniques measure dose, viability, structural functional integrity. Recent ongoing developments microbiome science enabling frontiers research prebiotics. Novel types, mechanisms, applications currently under study have potential change scientific understanding as well nutritional healthcare these interventions. The expansion related fields microbiome-targeted interventions, an evolving landscape implementation regulatory, policy, prescriber, consumer spheres, portends era significant change. In this review we examine recent, emerging, anticipated trends science, create a vision broad areas developing field. Probiotics (see Glossary) received escalating attention recent years scientific, healthcare, public arenas. Publicity around has also broadened perception microorganisms, beyond disease-causing agents that should be avoided, more rational view integrating beneficial roles microorganisms human health. line advances, awareness acceptance continues expand [1.Chin-Lee B. et al.Patient experience use community-based care settings.Patient Prefer. Adhere. 2014; 8: 1513-1520PubMed Google Scholar], industry growth estimated at 7% annually [2.Jackson S.A. al.Improving end-user trust commercial products.Front. Microbiol. 2019; 10: 739Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) forecast 12.7% over next 8 [3.Mano M.C.R. al.Oligosaccharide biotechnology: approach revolution on industry.Appl. Biotechnol. 2018; 102: 17-37Crossref (40) Scholar]. While there general beneficial, still gap definitions terms 'probiotics' 'prebiotics', their benefits health, how they function, where find best sources food products Scholar,4.Viana J.V. al.Probiotic foods: attitudes.Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2008; 43: 1577-1580Crossref (30) Both increasingly incorporated into wide foods, beverages, topical (even toilet paper), some cases questionable or no validation any benefit host, requirement existing consensus definitions. field, both clearly established, International Scientific Association Prebiotics (ISAPP) having convened panels whereby experts reviewed published behind [5.Hill C. al.Expert document. statement scope appropriate term probiotic.Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11: 506-514Crossref (2566) Scholar] [6.Gibson G.R. document: definition prebiotics.Nat. 2017; 14: 491-502Crossref (1252) conclusions highlighted play integral role status. Some key mechanisms been (Box 1) used variety states, prophylactically therapeutically.Box 1Mechanisms Action PrebioticsMechanisms action complex, diverse, heterogeneous, often strain- compound-specific. many described, remain calls increased understanding, especially structure–function explanations observed effects long-term influences [134.Kleerebezem M. al.Understanding mode can drive translational pipeline towards reliable probiotics.Curr. Opin. 56: 55-60Crossref (26) Scholar,152.Plaza-Diaz al.Mechanisms probiotics.Adv. Nutr. S49-S66Crossref (96) Scholar,153.Monteagudo-Mera A. al.Adhesion mediated by impact health.Appl. 103: 6463-6472Crossref (91) Scholar].Probiotics interact via molecular effectors present cell structure secreted metabolic products. Probiotic metabolites act microbiota crossfeeding interactions, changes gastrointestinal microenvironment (e.g., pH lowering), competition nutrients binding sites, inhibition production strain-specific antibacterial compounds bacteriocins [133.Lebeer S. al.Identification effector molecules: state future perspectives.Curr. 49: 217-223Crossref (90) Such microbiota-directed contribute ability mediate pathogen overgrowth states such vaginal oral dysbioses [153.Monteagudo-Mera Scholar].With regard cells, molecules directly receptors intestinal epithelial, enteroendocrine, immune cells vagal afferent fibres. These interactions produce local gut effects, enhancement barrier integrity inflammation Toll-like receptors), systemic immune, endocrine, nervous system mediators perform enzymatic metabolism bile salts ingested xenobiotics [152.Plaza-Diaz Specific surface-associated include pili, lipoteichoic acids, exopolysaccharides, various surface-layer proteins, which therefore delivery Scholar].Classical through consumption substrate specific groups within microbiota, promoting activity. Provision select group/s bacteria indirectly other bacterial – inhibitory displacement. Resulting composition metabolite concentrations from administration nervous, endocrine signalling improvements bowel response, glucose lipid metabolism, bone regulation appetite satiety Chief by-products SCFAs acetate, butyrate, propionate, recognised systems facilitate [10.Blaak E.E. al.Short chain fatty acids health.Benefic. Microbes. 2020; 411-455Crossref (3) Scholar].In addition nutritive microbes, receptors, modulating epithelial function [154.Brosseau al.Prebiotics: preventive allergy.Nutrients. 1841Crossref (6) Mechanisms With Classical Currently, multiple spheres acting (Figure 1). Broad technological advances data collection analytical tools exploration providing deeper insights host. Interest grow conditions, body population subgroups, formats. Furthermore, evolution regulatory frameworks, clinical guidelines influencing healthcare. As our knowledge each integrated shaping timely. Traditionally, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, lactic acid-producing (LAB) probiotics, primarily isolated dairy faecal microbiome. breadth its functions expanded, holds discovery approaches [7.Veiga P. al.Moving probiotics.Nat. 5: 878-880Crossref (5) taxa. Developments affordable complete genome sequencing powerful cultivation methods allowed isolation characterisation microbiomes opportunity developed next-generation [8.O'Toole P.W. al.Next-generation probiotics: spectrum biotherapeutics.Nat. 2: 17057Crossref (213) 2). Various bacteria, Roseburia intestinalis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium spp., Bacteroides spp. Akkermansia muciniphila, Scholar,9.Brodmann T. al.Safety novel microbes consumption: practical examples assessment European Union.Front. 1725Crossref (64) candidates represent proportion cultivable offer physiological not always conferred bifidobacteria bioactives Converting industrially viable presents challenges rich media anaerobic conditions adds cost complexity, investment determining optimal fermentation manufacturing processes time. Despite difficulties, muciniphila one promising candidates. Isolated 2004 [11.Derrien al.Akkermansia gen. nov., sp. mucin-degrading bacterium.Int. Syst. Evol. 2004; 54: 1469-1476Crossref (843) it tested preclinical animal models shown prevent development obesity, pasteurisation increasing stability efficacy species. Initial proof-of-concept studies taken place humans pasteurised safe improves several parameters [12.Depommier al.Supplementation overweight obese volunteers: exploratory study.Nat. Med. 25: 1096-1103Crossref (332) Live already market multispecies synbiotic preparation, containing inulin, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Anaerobutyricum hallii) was improve levels type 2 diabetics [13.Perraudeau F. al.Improvements postprandial control subjects diabetes: multicenter, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial formulation.BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care. 8e001319Crossref (1) will only source strains Niches strong species, targets intervention, female urogenital tract, cavity, nasopharyngeal skin [14.Maguire Maguire G. health.Arch. Dermatol. 309: 411-421Crossref (24) Scholar, 15.George V.T. al.The periodontal therapy.J. Int. Oral Heal. 2016; 404-408Google 16.Cribby al.Vaginal probiotics.Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis. 2008 (art. 256490)Crossref Species genera associated regions being investigated restore populations homeostasis disease states. Examples commensal isolate Staphylococcus hominis eczema atopic dermatitis [17.Nakatsuji al.Antimicrobials protect against aureus deficient dermatitis.Sci. Transl. 9eaah4680Crossref (362) Lactobacillus crispatus dysbiosis [18.Reid health.J. AOAC 2012; 95: 31-34Crossref (29) Fermented foods most common natural potentially LAB, benefits, reduced risk diabetes cardiovascular diseases [19.Marco M.L. al.Health beyond.Curr. 44: 94-102Crossref (363) putatively metabolomic profile [20.Taylor B.C. al.Consumption systematic differences metabolome.mSystems. 5e00901-19Crossref (13) likely major LAB [21.Pasolli E. al.Large-scale genome-wide analysis links acid microbiome.Nat. Commun. 2610Crossref show development. unfermented may fruits, vegetables, grains/cereals, dairy, meat fish honey, environmental soil [22.Zielińska D. Kolożyn-Krajewska Food-origin exhibit properties: Review.Biomed. 2018 5063185)Crossref core heartlands target therapy subfertility [23.García-Velasco J.A. al.What fertility specialists know about microbiome: review.Reprod. BioMed. Online. 35: 103-112Abstract Full Text PDF (28) liver [24.Meroni nonalcoholic disease: insight therapeutic strategies.Nutrients. 2642Crossref mood disorders [25.Dinan T.G. al.Psychobiotics: class psychotropic.Biol. Psychiatry. 2013; 74: 720-726Abstract (510) cognition [26.Dinan Cryan J.F. microbiome–gut–brain axis disease.Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am. 46: 77-89Abstract [27.Seminario-Amez al.Probiotics health: A review.Med. Patol. Cir. Bucal. 22: e282-e288PubMed asthma [28.Spacova I. airway allergy: factors consider.Dis. Models Mech. 11dmm034314Crossref [29.Koutnikova H. al.Impact non-alcoholic variables: meta-analysis randomised controlled trials.BMJ Open. 9e017995Crossref (65) hypercholesterolaemia [30.Khare Gaur Cholesterol-lowering species.Curr. 77: 638-644Crossref (7) obesity [31.Brusaferro al.Is time treat obesity?.Nutrients. 1613Crossref (39) Significant emphasis placed investigating safety considered Many commonly exploited available generally recognized (GRAS) status USA belong qualified presumption (QPS) Safety Authority (EFSA), yet case history use. Submission GRAS, QPS, frameworks enable path commercialisation, pharmaceutical applications, example, category defined Drug Administration (FDA)i Directorate Quality Medicines [32.European Pharmacopoeia Commission 3053E General monograph products.Eur. Pharmacopoeia. (9.7)Google required [33.Rouanet al.Live road map assessment.Front. 7: 237Crossref comprising retrospective possible linked taxa considered, full sequence, antibiotic resistance genes, toxin transferrable genetic elements, virulence factors, proven models, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, Phase I–III trials. evidence fall current 2), albeit attracting attention. consortia network synergistic [34.Vázquez-Castellanos al.Design synthetic modulation.Curr. Pharmacol. 52-59Crossref (8) augment single-strain organisms definition, if characterised Adjacent postbiotics 1An updated expert panel ISAPP, press. fragments [35.Aguilar-Toalá al.Postbiotics:

Язык: Английский

---

Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(3), С. 389 - 404.e6

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Developmental trajectory of the healthy human gut microbiota during the first 5 years of life

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 29(5), С. 765 - 776.e3

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2021

The gut is inhabited by a densely populated ecosystem, the microbiota, that established at birth. However, succession which different bacteria are incorporated into microbiota still relatively unknown. Here, we analyze from 471 Swedish children followed birth to 5 years of age, collecting samples after 4 and 12 months 3 age as well their mothers using 16S rRNA gene profiling. We also compare an adult population. Genera follow colonization patterns during establishment where Methanobrevibacter Christensenellaceae colonize late do not reached levels years. These colonizers correlate with increased alpha diversity in both adults. By following through age-specific community types, observe have individual dynamics development trajectory.

Язык: Английский

---

Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 546, С. 111572 - 111572

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator gut-brain axis signalling has risen to prominence in recent years. Understanding relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites it produces, and brain will be critical for subsequent development new therapeutic approaches, including identification novel psychobiotics. A key focus this regard have been short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by bacterial fermentation dietary fibre, which include butyrate, acetate, propionate. Ongoing research is focused on entry SCFAs into systemic circulation from lumen, their migration cerebral across blood barrier, potential exert acute chronic effects structure function. This review aims discuss our current mechanistic understanding direct indirect influence that function, behaviour physiology, inform future microbiota-targeted interventions disorders.

Язык: Английский

---

Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Gut Microbiome With Clinical Response to Treatment With Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Solid Cancer Tumors

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 3(4), С. e202895 - e202895

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2020

Importance

Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors has been remarkably effective for treating multiple cancer types, and the gut microbiome is a possible factor affecting inhibitor efficacy. However, association between status of tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major end product metabolites produced by microbiota have wide-ranging impacts on host physiology.

Objective

To evaluate fecal plasma SCFAs in patients with solid tumors treated programmed cell death-1 (PD-1i).

Design, Setting, Participants

This was prospective cohort biomarker study who planned therapy PD-1i at Kyoto University Hospital July 2016 February 2019. Data were analyzed from October 2019 to 2020.

Exposures

Patients nivolumab or pembrolizumab classified into 2 groups based their treatment response Response Evaluation Criteria Solid Tumors version 1.1: responders achieved an objective nonresponders. Dietary information terms intake frequency obtained. Concentrations samples collected before administration measured ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Outcomes Measures

The concentration progression-free survival.

Results

Among 52 enrolled, median (range) patient age 67 (27-84) years, 23 (44%) women. Median duration follow-up survivors after 2.0 (0.4–4.1) years. overall rate 28.8%. High concentrations some associated longer These included acetic acid (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% CI, 0.15-0.54), propionic (HR, 0.08; 0.03-0.20), butyric 0.31; 0.16-0.60), valeric 0.53; 0.29-0.98), isovaleric 0.38; 0.14-0.99).

Conclusions Relevance

Results this suggest that SCFA may efficacy; thus, be link Because examinations completely noninvasive, they applicable routine monitoring patients.

Язык: Английский

---

Resistant starch: impact on the gut microbiome and health

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 61, С. 66 - 71

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

The gut–liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(11), С. 719 - 733

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Potential for enriching next-generation health-promoting gut bacteria through prebiotics and other dietary components

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(1), С. 1 - 20

Опубликована: Май 22, 2019

The human intestinal commensal microbiota and associated metabolic products have long been regarded as contributors to host health. As the identity activities of various members this community become clearer, newly identified health-associated bacteria, such Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus bromii Roseburia species, emerged. Notably, abundance many these bacteria is inversely correlated several disease states. While technological regulatory hurdles may limit use strains from taxa probiotics, it should be possible utilize prebiotics other dietary components selectively enhance their growth in situ. Dietary potential relevance include well-established prebiotics, galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides inulin, while putative oligosaccharides, polyphenols, resistant starch, algae seaweed well gut metabolites lactate acetate, also applied with aim and/or differentially affecting beneficial bacterial within gastrointestinal environment. present review provides an overview that could manner.

Язык: Английский

---

Role of dietary fiber in the recovery of the human gut microbiome and its metabolome

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 29(3), С. 394 - 407.e5

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2021

Язык: Английский

---