The
urinary
microbiota
is
similarly
complex
as
the
vaginal
and
penile
microbiota,
yet
its
role
a
reservoir
for
pathogens
recurrent
polymicrobial
biofilm
diseases
like
bacterial
vaginosis
(BV)
not
clear.
Here,
we
analysed
of
healthy
men
women
compared
it
with
that
during
BV
after
antibiotic
treatment
using
next-generation
sequencing
16S
rRNA
gene
V1-V2
regions.
Eight
different
community
types,
so
called
urotypes
(UT),
were
identified
in
humans,
all
which
shared
between
women,
except
UT
7,
dominated
relative
abundance
by
Lactobacillus
crispatus,
was
found
only.
Orally
applied
metronidazole
significantly
reduced
Shannon
diversity
mean
Gardnerella
vaginalis,
Atopobium
vaginae,
Sneathia
amnii,
while
L.
iners
increased
to
levels
twofold
higher
than
those
women.
Although
individual
urine
microbial
profiles
strongly
responded
antibiotic,
could
be
restored.
correlation
fluid
generally
weak
depending
on
status.
It
highest
1
acute
(59%
samples),
but
treatment,
only
3
out
35
showed
significant
their
composition.
Urethra
bladder
thus
harbor
communities
distinct
from
vagina.
high
related
species
both
suggests
may
act
contribute
recurrence.
ClinicalTrials.gov,
NCT02687789
The
field
of
microbiome
research
has
evolved
rapidly
over
the
past
few
decades
and
become
a
topic
great
scientific
public
interest.
As
result
this
rapid
growth
in
interest
covering
different
fields,
we
are
lacking
clear
commonly
agreed
definition
term
"microbiome."
Moreover,
consensus
on
best
practices
is
missing.
Recently,
panel
international
experts
discussed
current
gaps
frame
European-funded
MicrobiomeSupport
project.
meeting
brought
together
about
40
leaders
from
diverse
areas,
while
more
than
hundred
all
world
took
part
an
online
survey
accompanying
workshop.
This
article
excerpts
outcomes
workshop
corresponding
embedded
short
historical
introduction
future
outlook.
We
propose
based
compact,
clear,
comprehensive
description
provided
by
Whipps
et
al.
1988,
amended
with
set
novel
recommendations
considering
latest
technological
developments
findings.
clearly
separate
terms
microbiota
provide
discussion
composition
microbiota,
heterogeneity
dynamics
microbiomes
time
space,
stability
resilience
microbial
networks,
core
microbiomes,
functionally
relevant
keystone
species
as
well
co-evolutionary
principles
microbe-host
inter-species
interactions
within
microbiome.
These
broad
definitions
suggested
unifying
concepts
will
help
to
improve
standardization
studies
future,
could
be
starting
point
for
integrated
assessment
data
resulting
transfer
knowledge
basic
science
into
practice.
Furthermore,
standards
important
solving
new
challenges
associated
anthropogenic-driven
changes
planetary
health,
which
understanding
might
play
key
role.
Video
Abstract.
Our
view
of
host-associated
microbiota
remains
incomplete
due
to
the
presence
as
yet
uncultured
constituents.
The
Bacteroidales
family
S24-7
is
a
prominent
example
one
these
groups.
Marker
gene
surveys
indicate
that
members
this
are
highly
localized
gastrointestinal
tracts
homeothermic
animals
and
increasingly
being
recognized
numerically
predominant
member
gut
microbiota;
however,
little
known
about
nature
their
interactions
with
host.
Here,
we
provide
first
whole
genome
exploration
family,
for
which
propose
name
"Candidatus
Homeothermaceae,"
using
30
population
genomes
extracted
from
fecal
samples
four
different
animal
hosts:
human,
mouse,
koala,
guinea
pig.
We
infer
core
metabolism
"Ca.
Homeothermaceae"
be
fermentative
or
nanaerobic
bacteria,
resembling
related
families.
In
addition,
describe
three
trophic
guilds
within
plant
glycan
(hemicellulose
pectin),
host
glycan,
α-glucan,
each
broadly
defined
by
increased
abundance
enzymes
involved
in
degradation
particular
carbohydrates.
representatives
constitute
substantial
component
murine
microbiota,
well
present
human
gut,
study
provides
important
insights
into
residency.
indicates
potential
niche
partitioning
specific
roles
guild
health
dysbiosis.
Reviews in Aquaculture,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(3), С. 1903 - 1927
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2020
Abstract
Fish
gut
microbiome
confers
various
effects
to
the
host
fish;
this
includes
overall
size,
metabolism,
feeding
behaviour
and
immune
response
in
fish.
The
emergence
of
antimicrobial‐resistant
(AMR)
bacteria
hard
cure
fish
diseases
warrant
possible
utilization
microbes
that
exhibits
a
positive
effect
on
thus
lead
usage
these
as
probiotics.
widespread
systematic
use
antibiotics
has
led
severe
biological
ecological
problems,
especially
development
antibiotic
resistance
affects
microbiota
aquatic
organisms.
Probiotics
are
proposed
an
effective
environmentally
friendly
alternative
antibiotics,
known
beneficial
microbes.
At
same
time,
prebiotics
considered
host's
health
growth
by
decreasing
prevalence
intestinal
pathogens
and/or
changing
bacterial
metabolites
related
health.
Uprise
sequencing
technology
intricate
bioinformatics
tools
provided
way
study
through
metagenomic
analysis.
From
studies,
ample
information
was
obtained;
such
physiology
fish,
microbe
composition
different
factors
affecting
microbial
immunological
microbiome,
their
function
importance
aquaculture
is
discussed
review.
The
spectrum
of
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
ranges
from
simple
hepatic
steatosis,
commonly
associated
with
obesity,
to
steatohepatitis,
which
can
progress
fibrosis,
cirrhosis
and
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
NAFLD
pathophysiology
involves
environmental,
genetic
metabolic
factors,
as
well
changes
in
the
intestinal
microbiota
their
products.
Dysfunction
barrier
contribute
development
progression.
Although
there
are
technical
limitations
assessing
permeability
humans
number
patients
these
studies
is
rather
small,
fewer
than
half
have
increased
translocation
bacterial
Microbe-derived
metabolites
signalling
pathways
they
affect
might
play
more
important
roles
NAFLD.
We
review
microbial
that
NAFLD,
such
trimethylamine,
bile
acids,
short-chain
acids
ethanol.
discuss
mechanisms
by
produced
microbes
progression
and/or
serve
therapeutic
targets
or
biomarkers
for
International Journal of Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
2020, С. 1 - 7
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2020
The
human
microbiome
comprises
bacteria,
archaea,
viruses,
and
eukaryotes
which
reside
within
outside
our
bodies.
These
organisms
impact
physiology,
both
in
health
disease,
contributing
to
the
enhancement
or
impairment
of
metabolic
immune
functions.
Micro-organisms
colonise
various
sites
on
body,
where
they
adapt
specific
features
each
niche.
Facultative
anaerobes
are
more
dominant
gastrointestinal
tract,
whereas
strict
aerobes
inhabit
respiratory
nasal
cavity,
skin
surface.
indigenous
body
well
adapted
system,
due
biological
interaction
with
system
over
time.
An
alteration
intestinal
microbial
community
plays
a
major
role
disease
pathogenesis.
alterations
result
from
lifestyle
presence
an
underlying
disease.
Dysbiosis
increases
host
susceptibility
infection,
nature
depends
anatomical
site
involved.
unique
diversity
microbiota
accounts
for
activities
functions
these
micro-organisms
site.
It
is
therefore
important
understand
composition
as
contribute
