Depression
and
anxiety
are
two
of
the
most
prevalent
mental
health
disorders
worldwide,
affecting
millions
individuals
across
various
age
groups,
social
categories.
While
origins
these
complex
multifaceted,
recent
advancements
in
Neuroscience
provide
valuable
insights
into
underlying
mechanisms
that
contribute
to
development
maintenance
mood
disorders.
This
review
delves
intricate
interplay
neurobiological
factors
involved
disorders,
shedding
light
on
neural
pathways,
neurotransmitters,
structural/functional
circuit
changes
their
manifestations.
A
special
focus
is
given
new
upcoming
emerge
from
a
deeper
understanding
biological
environmental
takes
place
at
multi-scale
level,
genes
behaviors.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024
Hippocampal
neurogenesis
is
critical
for
improving
learning,
memory,
and
spatial
navigation.
Inhabiting
navigating
complexity
key
to
stimulating
adult
hippocampal
(AHN)
in
rodents
because
they
share
similar
neuroplasticity
characteristics
with
humans.
AHN
humans
has
recently
been
found
persist
until
the
tenth
decade
of
life,
but
it
declines
aging
influenced
by
environmental
enrichment.
This
systematic
review
investigated
impact
on
plasticity
rodents,
discussed
translatability
these
findings
human
interventions.
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025
This
paper
offers
a
syncretic
synthesis
of
the
highlights
scientific
knowledge
accumulated
to
date
on
mechanisms
infantile
amnesia
(IA).
IA
can
be
conceptualized
as
meta-norm
memory
development.
The
review
shows
that
neurobiological
and
neuropsychological
evidence
for
converges
within
common
metacognitive
framework
inquiry.
involvement
consciousness
in
conditioning
traces
association
between
implicit
allow
analyzed
phenomenon
with
complex,
universal
neuropsychic
regulation
higher
order.
approach
overcomes
paradox
understanding
IA.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(4), С. 810 - 810
Опубликована: Март 28, 2025
Ubiquitination
is
a
dynamic
and
tightly
regulated
post-translational
modification
essential
for
modulating
protein
stability,
trafficking,
function
to
preserve
cellular
homeostasis.
This
process
orchestrated
through
hierarchical
enzymatic
cascade
involving
three
key
enzymes:
the
E1
ubiquitin-activating
enzyme,
E2
ubiquitin-conjugating
E3
ubiquitin
ligase.
The
final
step
of
ubiquitination
catalyzed
by
ligase,
which
facilitates
transfer
from
enzyme
substrate,
thereby
dictating
proteins
undergo
ubiquitination.
Emerging
evidence
underscores
critical
roles
ligases
in
neurodevelopment,
regulating
fundamental
processes
such
as
neuronal
polarization,
axonal
outgrowth,
synaptogenesis,
synaptic
function.
Mutations
genes
encoding
consequent
dysregulation
these
pathways
have
been
increasingly
implicated
spectrum
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
including
autism
disorder,
intellectual
disability,
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder.
review
synthesizes
current
knowledge
on
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
neurodevelopment
Cullin-RING
ligases—the
largest
subclass
ligases—and
their
involvement
pathophysiology
disorders.
A
deeper
understanding
holds
significant
promise
informing
novel
therapeutic
strategies,
ultimately
advancing
clinical
outcomes
individuals
affected
CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
31(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Aims
Although
previous
studies
have
revealed
the
association
between
chronic
pain‐induced
depression
and
defective
adult
hippocampal
neurogenesis
(AHN),
underlying
molecular
mechanism
remains
elusive.
This
study
aims
to
examine
AHN
depression‐like
behaviors,
reveal
mechanisms.
Methods
The
neuropathic
pain
model
was
established
using
mice
with
spared
nerve
injury
(SNI)
surgery.
behaviors
were
evaluated
by
sucrose
preference
test
(SPT),
tail
suspension
(TST),
forced
swimming
(FST),
open
field
(OFT).
expression
of
Methyl‐CpG‐binding
protein
2
(MeCP2)
modulated
injecting
adeno‐associated
virus
(AAV)
DIO
system
into
ventral
DG
Nes
‐CreER
T2
mice.
miRNAs
in
neural
stem
cells
(NSCs)
analyzed
via
miRNA
sequencing.
Results
We
found
that
MeCP2,
an
epigenetic
factor
plays
a
key
role
development
neurons,
significantly
down‐regulated
NSCs
dentate
gyrus
(DG)
hippocampus
comorbid
depression,
suggesting
MeCP2
regulation
behavior
induced
pain.
levels
closely
related
miR‐199b‐3p
specifically
targeted
inhibited
directly
interacting
its
3’‐UTR
sequence.
Furthermore,
we
demonstrated
increased
level
after
occurrence
responsible
for
inhibition
depression.
Conclusion
Chronic
may
result
NSCs,
which
turn
Mecp2
gene
transcription.
Inhibited
contributes
behaviors.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(24), С. 4368 - 4368
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024
The
brain
contains
many
interconnected
and
complex
cellular
molecular
mechanisms.
Injury
to
the
causes
permanent
dysfunctions
in
these
So,
it
continues
be
an
area
where
surgical
intervention
cannot
performed
except
for
removal
of
tumors
repair
some
aneurysms.
Some
agents
that
can
cross
blood–brain
barrier
reach
neurons
show
neuroprotective
effects
due
their
anti-apoptotic,
anti-inflammatory
antioxidant
properties.
In
particular,
act
by
reducing
or
modulating
accumulation
protein
aggregates
neurodegenerative
diseases
(Alzheimer’s
disease,
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
Amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
prion
disease)
caused
accumulation.
Substrate
increased
oxidative
stress
stimulates
brain’s
immune
cells,
microglia,
astrocytes,
secrete
proinflammatory
cytokines.
Long-term
chronic
neuroinflammatory
response
triggers
apoptosis.
Brain
damage
is
observed
with
neuronal
apoptosis
functions
are
impaired.
This
situation
negatively
affects
processes
such
as
motor
movements,
memory,
perception,
learning.
Neuroprotective
prevent
molecules
play
a
role
addition,
they
improve
impaired
supporting
neuroplasticity
neurogenesis.
Due
important
roles
central
nervous
system
diseases,
elucidate
review
provides
overview
mechanisms
flavonoids,
which
constitute
large
part
effects,
well
vitamins,
neurotransmitters,
hormones,
amino
acids,
derivatives.
It
thought
understanding
will
enable
development
new
therapeutic
different
treatment
strategies.
Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024
The
olfactory
bulb
is
a
unique
site
of
continuous
neurogenesis,
primarily
generating
inhibitory
interneurons,
process
that
begins
at
birth
and
extends
through
infancy
adulthood.
This
review
examines
the
characteristics
focusing
on
granule
cells,
most
numerous
how
their
age
maturation
affect
function.
Adult-born
while
immature,
contribute
to
experience-dependent
plasticity
circuit
by
enabling
structural
functional
synaptic
changes.
In
contrast,
cells
born
early
in
life
form
foundational
elements
circuit,
potentially
facilitating
innate
information
processing.
implications
these
neonatal
memory
impact
adult
perception,
particularly
response
aversive
events
susceptibility
emotional
disorders,
warrant
further
investigation.
