PubMed,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
42(2), С. 293 - 299
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025
In
different
stages
of
schizophrenia
(SZ),
alterations
in
gray
matter
volume
(GMV)
patients
are
normally
regulated
by
various
pathological
mechanisms.
Instead
analyzing
stage-specific
changes,
this
study
employed
a
multivariate
structural
covariance
model
and
sliding-window
approach
to
investigate
the
illness
duration-related
developmental
trajectory
GMV
SZ.
The
is
defined
as
sequence
brain
regions
activated
duration,
represented
sparsely
directed
matrix.
By
applying
magnetic
resonance
imaging
data
from
145
with
SZ,
we
observed
continuous
cortical
subcortical
regions,
an
average
change
occurring
every
0.208
years,
covering
time
window
20.176
years.
starting
points
were
widely
distributed
across
all
networks,
except
for
ventral
attention
network.
These
findings
provide
insights
into
neuropathological
mechanism
SZ
neuroprogressive
facilitate
development
process
aided
diagnosis
intervention
points.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
28(5), С. 1843 - 1856
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023
Abstract
The
synaptic
hypothesis
of
schizophrenia
has
been
highly
influential.
However,
new
approaches
mean
there
a
step-change
in
the
evidence
available,
and
some
tenets
earlier
versions
are
not
supported
by
recent
findings.
Here,
we
review
normal
development
from
structural
functional
imaging
post-mortem
studies
that
this
is
abnormal
people
at
risk
with
schizophrenia.
We
then
consider
mechanism
could
underlie
changes
update
hypothesis.
Genome-wide
association
have
identified
number
variants
converging
on
pathways
regulating
elimination,
formation
plasticity,
including
complement
factors
microglial-mediated
pruning.
Induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
demonstrated
patient-derived
neurons
show
pre-
post-synaptic
deficits,
signalling
alterations,
elevated,
complement-dependent
elimination
structures
compared
to
control-derived
lines.
Preclinical
data
environmental
linked
schizophrenia,
such
as
stress
immune
activation,
can
lead
synapse
loss.
Longitudinal
MRI
patients,
prodrome,
divergent
trajectories
grey
matter
volume
cortical
thickness
controls,
PET
shows
vivo
for
lower
density
patients
Based
evidence,
propose
version
III
This
multi-hit
model,
whereby
genetic
and/or
render
synapses
vulnerable
excessive
glia-mediated
triggered
during
later
neurodevelopment.
loss
disrupts
pyramidal
neuron
function
cortex
contribute
negative
cognitive
symptoms
disinhibits
projections
mesostriatal
regions
dopamine
overactivity
psychosis.
It
accounts
typical
onset
adolescence/early
adulthood,
its
major
factors,
symptoms,
identifies
potential
synaptic,
microglial
targets
treatment.
In
this
work,
we
expand
the
normative
model
repository
introduced
in
Rutherford
et
al.,
2022a
to
include
models
charting
lifespan
trajectories
of
structural
surface
area
and
brain
functional
connectivity,
measured
using
two
unique
resting-state
network
atlases
(Yeo-17
Smith-10),
an
updated
online
platform
for
transferring
these
new
data
sources.
We
showcase
value
with
a
head-to-head
comparison
between
features
output
by
modeling
raw
several
benchmarking
tasks:
mass
univariate
group
difference
testing
(schizophrenia
versus
control),
classification
regression
(predicting
general
cognitive
ability).
Across
all
benchmarks,
show
advantage
features,
strongest
statistically
significant
results
demonstrated
tasks.
intend
accessible
resources
facilitate
wider
adoption
across
neuroimaging
community.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Май 10, 2024
Schizophrenia
(SZ)
is
a
complex
neuropsychiatric
disorder
associated
with
severe
cognitive
dysfunction.
Although
research
has
mainly
focused
on
forebrain
abnormalities,
emerging
results
support
the
involvement
of
cerebellum
in
SZ
physiopathology,
particularly
Cognitive
Impairment
Associated
(CIAS).
Besides
its
role
motor
learning
and
control,
implicated
cognition
emotion.
Recent
suggests
that
structural
functional
changes
are
linked
to
deficits
various
domains
including
attention,
working
memory,
decision-making.
Moreover,
cerebellar
dysfunction
related
altered
circuit
activities
connectivity
brain
regions
processing.
This
review
delves
into
CIAS.
We
initially
consider
major
alterations
CIAS,
addressing
impairments
neurotransmitter
systems,
synaptic
plasticity,
connectivity.
then
focus
recent
findings
showing
several
mechanisms
also
communication
impaired.
evidence
implicates
as
key
component
circuits
underpinning
CIAS
physiopathology.
Further
studies
warranted
might
open
new
perspectives
toward
understanding
physiopathology
effective
treatment
these
disorders.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024
Abstract
Machine
learning
can
be
used
to
define
subtypes
of
psychiatric
conditions
based
on
shared
biological
foundations
mental
disorders.
Here
we
analyzed
cross-sectional
brain
images
from
4,222
individuals
with
schizophrenia
and
7038
healthy
subjects
pooled
across
41
international
cohorts
the
ENIGMA,
non-ENIGMA
public
datasets.
Using
Subtype
Stage
Inference
(SuStaIn)
algorithm,
identify
two
distinct
neurostructural
subgroups
by
mapping
spatial
temporal
‘trajectory’
gray
matter
change
in
schizophrenia.
Subgroup
1
was
characterized
an
early
cortical-predominant
loss
enlarged
striatum,
whereas
subgroup
2
displayed
subcortical-predominant
hippocampus,
striatum
other
subcortical
regions.
We
confirmed
reproducibility
various
sample
sites,
including
Europe,
North
America
East
Asia.
This
imaging-based
taxonomy
holds
potential
neurobiological
attributes,
thereby
suggesting
viability
redefining
existing
disorder
constructs
factors.
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(6), С. 756 - 756
Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024
TRPV1
channels
are
polymodal
cation
located
predominantly
on
primary
afferent
neurons
that
activated
by
inflammatory
mediators,
capsaicin
(the
active
component
in
chili
peppers),
and
noxious
heat.
channel
antagonists
potential
new
analgesic
agents,
but
their
development
has
been
hindered
the
finding
they
also
produce
loss
of
thermal
homeostasis
response
to
Results
from
recent
studies
indicate
it
might
be
possible
develop
inhibit
pain
without
affecting
heat
sensation.
present
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
have
implicated
learning,
memory,
behaviour.
modulators
proposed
therapeutic
treatment
neurological
psychiatric
conditions.
However,
further
understanding
role
CNS
is
required
before
advances
neuropsychiatric
conditions
with
can
made.
Brain Injury,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 17
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2025
Part
IV
concludes
this
four-part
review
of
'What
Traditional
Neuropsychological
Assessment
Got
Wrong
About
Mild
Traumatic
Brain
Injury,'
with
a
focus
on
clinical
applications
and
future
directions.
These
reviews
have
highlighted
the
limitations
traditional
neuropsychological
assessment
methods,
particularly
in
evaluation
patient
mild
traumatic
brain
injury
(mTBI),
especially
within
context
all
21st
Century
advances
neuroimaging,
quantification
network
neuroscience.
How
advanced
neuroimaging
technology
contemporary
neuroscience
can
be
applied
to
assessing
mTBI
at
time
along
are
reviewed.
The
current
status
computerized
test
(CNT)
development
is
reviewed
as
it
applies
assessment.
Likewise,
how
various
types
virtual
reality
(VR),
artificial
intelligence
(AI),
wearable
sensors,
markerless
gaming
could
enhance
CNT
tool
box
some
aspirational
statements
about
improvements
novel
methods
developed
integrated
technologies
tailored
meet
needs
patient.
