Mycorrhizal Fungi Respond to Resource Inequality by Moving Phosphorus from Rich to Poor Patches across Networks

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(12), С. 2043 - 2050.e8

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2019

The world's ecosystems are characterized by an unequal distribution of resources [1]. Trade partnerships between organisms different species-mutualisms-can help individuals cope with such resource inequality [2-4]. allows to exchange commodities they can provide at low cost for that otherwise impossible or more difficult access [5, 6]. However, as become increasingly patchy in time space, it is unknown how alter their trading strategies [7, 8]. Here, we show a symbiotic fungus mediates trade host root response levels across its network. We developed quantum-dot-tracking technique quantify phosphorus-trading arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi simultaneously exposed rich and poor patches. By following fluorescent nanoparticles colors fungal networks, determined where phosphorus was hoarded, relocated, transferred plant hosts. found increasing exposure stimulated trade. Fungi responded high variation (1) the total amount distributed roots, (2) decreasing allocation storage, (3) differentially moving within network from Using single-particle tracking high-resolution video, dynamic movement may capitalize on value differences network, physically areas demand gain better returns. Such translocation inequality.

Язык: Английский

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Heterotrophy in the earliest gut: a single-cell view of heterotrophic carbon and nitrogen assimilation in sponge-microbe symbioses

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14(10), С. 2554 - 2567

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2020

Sponges are the oldest known extant animal-microbe symbiosis. These ubiquitous benthic animals play an important role in marine ecosystems cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM), largest source on Earth. The conventional view DOM through microbial processing has been challenged by interaction between this efficient filter-feeding host and its diverse abundant microbiome. Here we quantify, for first time, cells symbionts sponge heterotrophy. We combined stable isotope probing nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry to compare different sources (glucose, amino acids, algal-produced) particulate (POM) a high-microbial abundance (HMA) low-microbial (LMA) with single-cell resolution. Contrary common notion, found that both choanocyte (i.e. filter) were active uptake. Although all assimilated sponges, higher biomass HMA corresponded increased capacity process greater variety compounds. Nevertheless, situ feeding data demonstrated was primary carbon LMA sponge, accounting ~90% their heterotrophic diets. Microbes accounted majority (65-87%) (and ~60% total diet) but <5% sponge. propose evolutionary success sponges is due strategies exploit vast reservoir ocean.

Язык: Английский

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A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: current status, challenges, and future directions

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9, С. e10911 - e10911

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2021

Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. However, we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, evolutionary processes shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm biology can help to describe understand complex systems. It posits host its associated microbiota with which it interacts, form holobiont, be studied together as coherent biological functional unit biology, ecology, evolution. Here discuss critical concepts opportunities research identify key challenges field. We highlight potential economic, sociological, environmental impacts biological, evolutionary, sciences. Given connectivity unexplored biodiversity specific ecosystems, deeper such systems requires further technological conceptual advances, e.g., development controlled experimental model for holobionts from all major lineages modeling (info)chemical-mediated between organisms. propose one significant challenge bridge cross-disciplinary on tractable order address questions. This first step decipher main drivers dynamics evolution account applied areas, conservation, management, exploitation ecosystems resources, where practical solutions predict mitigate impact human activities are more important than ever.

Язык: Английский

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Life in the Dark: Phylogenetic and Physiological Diversity of Chemosynthetic Symbioses

Annual Review of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 75(1), С. 695 - 718

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2021

Possibly the last discovery of a previously unknown major ecosystem on Earth was made just over half century ago, when researchers found teaming communities animals flourishing two and kilometers below ocean surface at hydrothermal vents. We now know that these highly productive ecosystems are based nutritional symbioses between chemosynthetic bacteria eukaryotes chemosymbioses ubiquitous in both deep-sea shallow-water environments. The symbionts primary producers gain energy from oxidation reduced compounds, such as sulfide methane, to fix carbon dioxide or methane into biomass feed their hosts. This review outlines how symbiotic partners have adapted living together. first focus phylogenetic metabolic diversity then highlight selected research directions could advance our understanding processes shaped evolutionary ecological success associations.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological characterization of cold-seep epifauna in the South China Sea

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 163, С. 103361 - 103361

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Adaption to hydrogen sulfide-rich environments: Strategies for active detoxification in deep-sea symbiotic mussels, Gigantidas platifrons

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 804, С. 150054 - 150054

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Symbiont transmission in marine sponges: reproduction, development, and metamorphosis

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Май 6, 2022

Abstract Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) form symbioses with diverse microbial communities that can be transmitted between generations through their developmental stages. Here, we integrate embryology and microbiology to review how symbiotic microorganisms are in this early-diverging lineage. We describe vertical transmission is widespread but not universal, microbes vertically during a select window, properties of the microbiome depends on whether species high or low abundance sponge. Reproduction, development, symbiosis thus deeply rooted, why these partnerships remains central elusive tenet symbioses.

Язык: Английский

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Giant sponge grounds of Central Arctic seamounts are associated with extinct seep life

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022

Abstract The Central Arctic Ocean is one of the most oligotrophic oceans on Earth because its sea-ice cover and short productive season. Nonetheless, across peaks extinct volcanic seamounts Langseth Ridge (87°N, 61°E), we observe a surprisingly dense benthic biomass. Bacteriosponges are abundant fauna within this community, with mass 460 g C m −2 an estimated carbon demand around 110 yr −1 , despite export fluxes from regional primary productivity only sufficient to provide <1% required carbon. Observed sponge distribution, bulk compound-specific isotope data fatty acids suggest that microbiome taps into refractory dissolved particulate organic matter, including remnants seep community. metabolic profile bacteriosponge expressed genes indicate autotrophic symbionts contribute significantly assimilation. We hotspot ecosystem unique associated biota, once fueled by degassing mounts.

Язык: Английский

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Two Red Sea Sponge Extracts (Negombata magnifica and Callyspongia siphonella) Induced Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity

Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(3), С. 1400 - 1400

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2022

Bioactive compounds extracted from marine organisms showed several biological activities. The present study is an extension of our earlier studies where we assessed the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities ethanol, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform crude extracts sponges: Negombata magnifica (NmE) Callyspongia siphonella (CsE) against cancer cells. Herein, are extending previous findings on both sponge species depending alternative methanol extraction method with more advanced molecular biochemical insights as additional proof for anticancer antimicrobial activity N. C. siphonella. Therefore, specimens were collected during winter 2020 Dahab region at Gulf Aqaba. Each was macerated to obtain extracts; NmE CsE. GC–MS analysis presented a total 117 chemical compounds; 37 bioactive, 11 represented previously constituents natural organism, 69 had no dose-dependently inhibited growth HepG2, MCF-7, Caco-2 carcinoma cell lines compared CsE, which unfortunately has same found induce G0/G1 cycle arrest in HepG2 cells its inhibition CDK6, Cyclins D1, E1 also activated ROS production induced apoptosis via increase protein Bax, caspase-3, cleavage PARP, decrease anti-apoptotic BCL2. Unlike potential, CsE exhibited clear superior results agent wider range six microbial strains, whereas positive antibacterial only two strains.

Язык: Английский

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Oil seepage and carbonate formation: A case study from the southern Gulf of Mexico

Sedimentology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 66(6), С. 2318 - 2353

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2019

Abstract Oil seeps from the southern Gulf of Mexico can be regarded as natural laboratories where effect crude oil seepage on chemosynthesis‐based communities and carbonate precipitation studied. During R/V Meteor cruise 114 seep sites UNAM ( Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ) Ridge, Mictlan Knoll Tsanyao Yang (Bay Campeche, Mexico) were investigated sampled for authigenic deposits containing large amounts liquid solid asphalt. The δ 13 C values individual phases including: (i) microcrystalline matrix aragonite calcite; (ii) grey, cryptocrystalline to aragonite; (iii) clear, fibrous cement, are between −30‰ −20‰, agreeing with primary carbon source. Raman spectra reveal that residual heavy oils all immature most likely originate same reservoir. Geochemical batch modelling using software code PHREEQC demonstrates how sulphate‐driven oxidation oil‐derived low‐molecular high‐molecular weight hydrocarbons affects saturation state, shows state in hydrocarbon compounds rates control at seeps. Phase‐specific trace rare earth element contents calcite, grey clear determined, revealing enrichment light elements aragonite. By comparing patterns carbonates those associated oils, it becomes apparent constitute an additional source metals sedimentary pore waters. This work not only microbial degradation may result minerals, also elucidates metal inventories archive diagnostic elemental patterns, which assigned presence interstitial

Язык: Английский

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