Diversity and asynchrony in soil microbial communities stabilizes ecosystem functioning

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 23, 2021

Theoretical and empirical advances have revealed the importance of biodiversity for stabilizing ecosystem functions through time. Despite global degradation soils, whether loss soil microbial diversity can destabilize functioning is poorly understood. Here, we experimentally quantified contribution fungal bacterial communities to temporal stability four key related biogeochemical cycling. Microbial enhanced all this pattern was particularly strong in plant-soil mesocosms with reduced richness where over 50% taxa were lost. The effect linked asynchrony among whereby different fungi bacteria promoted at times. Our results emphasize need conserve provisioning multiple that soils provide society.

Язык: Английский

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Importance of Bacteroidetes in host–microbe interactions and ecosystem functioning

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(9), С. 959 - 971

Опубликована: Май 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 7, 2021

Soil microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrients, because they act decomposers or are mutualistic antagonistic symbionts, thereby influencing plant growth health. In present study, we investigated vertical distribution microbiome to a depth 2 m Swiss drought-exposed forests European beech oaks on calcareous bedrock. We aimed disentangle effects depth, tree (beech, oak), substrate (soil, roots) microbial abundance, diversity, community structure. With increasing organic carbon, nitrogen, clay content decreased significantly. Similarly, fine root biomass, biomass (DNA content, fungal abundance), alpha-diversity were consequently significantly related these physicochemical parameters. contrast, bacterial abundance tended increase with ratio increased greater depth. Tree species was only Shannon index but not index. Microbial analyses revealed that communities varied across layers, more strongly for than fungi. Both also affected by substrate. deep poorly known taxa from Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria, Gemmatimonadetes , Firmicutes GAL 15 overrepresented. Furthermore, archaeal phyla Thaumarchaeota Euryarchaeota abundant subsoils topsoils. Fungal predominantly found layers belong ectomycorrhizal Boletus luridus Hydnum vesterholtii . reported first time layers. Saprotrophic recorded unknown Xylaria Finally, our results show structure roots well represented bulk soil. Overall, phyla, previously colonize Our study contributes an integrated perspective at spatial scale forests.

Язык: Английский

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Future climate conditions accelerate wheat straw decomposition alongside altered microbial community composition, assembly patterns, and interaction networks

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(2), С. 238 - 251

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2022

Although microbial decomposition of plant litter plays a crucial role in nutrient cycling and soil fertility, we know less about likely links specific traits decomposition, especially relation to climate change. We study here wheat straw under ambient manipulated conditions simulating future scenario (next 80 years) agroecosystems, including decay rates, macronutrient dynamics, enzyme activity, communities. show that will accelerate rates only during the early phase process. Additionally, projected change increase relative abundance saprotrophic fungi decomposing straw. Moreover, impact on community assembly molecular ecological networks both bacteria strongly depend phase. During stochastic processes dominated conditions, whereas deterministic highly bacterial fungal communities simulated conditions. In later phase, similar shaped scenarios. Furthermore, over phases enhanced complexity interaction networks. concluded rate associated like inter-community interactions is restricted decomposition.

Язык: Английский

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Modelling optimal ligninolytic activity during plant litter decomposition

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(3), С. 866 - 880

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2024

Summary A large fraction of plant litter comprises recalcitrant aromatic compounds (lignin and other phenolics). Quantifying the fate is difficult, because oxidative degradation carbon (C) a costly but necessary endeavor for microorganisms, we do not know when gains from decomposition C outweigh energetic costs. To evaluate these tradeoffs, developed model in which rate optimized dynamically to maximize microbial growth given costs maintaining ligninolytic activity. We tested performance against > 200 datasets collected published literature assessed effects climate chemistry on decomposition. The predicted time‐varying oxidation rate, was used calculate lag time before initiated. Warmer conditions increased rates, shortened oxidation, improved C‐use efficiency by decreasing oxidation. Moreover, higher initial content promoted an earlier start under any climate. With this contribution, highlight application eco‐evolutionary approaches based life strategies as alternative parametrization scheme models.

Язык: Английский

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Temperature-Induced Annual Variation in Microbial Community Changes and Resulting Metabolome Shifts in a Controlled Fermentation System

mSystems, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 5(4)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2020

We are rapidly increasing our understanding on the spatial distribution of microbial communities. However, functioning, as well temporal differences and mechanisms causing community shifts, remains comparably little explored. Here, using Chinese liquor fermentation a model system containing low diversity, we studied changes in structure functioning. For that, used high-throughput sequencing to analyze composition bacteria fungi analyzed microbially derived metabolome throughout process all four seasons both 2018 2019. show that communities changed each seasons, with diversity process. Across bacterial fungal driven by 10 indicator microorganisms six metabolites varied even more. Daily average temperature external surroundings was primary determinant observed changes. Collectively, work reveals critical insights into patterns processes determining highlight importance linking taxonomic functional ecology enable predictions human-relevant applications.IMPORTANCE microbiome more dramatically across than within seasons. These translate ultimate outcome activity, suggesting translating This result is striking it suggests despite controlled conditions fermentors, fluctuates over season along differences, which threatens reproducible food taste. As such, believe study provides stepping-stone novel taxonomy-functional studies promote future other systems also relevant applied settings better control surrounding production.

Язык: Английский

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Lessons learned from a long‐term irrigation experiment in a dry Scots pine forest: Impacts on traits and functioning

Ecological Monographs, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 92(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2022

Abstract Climate change exposes ecosystems to strong and rapid changes in their environmental boundary conditions mainly due the altered temperature precipitation patterns. It is still poorly understood how fast interlinked ecosystem processes respond conditions, if these responses occur gradually or suddenly when thresholds are exceeded, patterns of will reach a stable state. We conducted an irrigation experiment Pfynwald, Switzerland from 2003–2018. A naturally dry Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) forest was irrigated with amounts that doubled natural precipitation, thus releasing stand water limitation. The aim this study provide quantitative understanding on different traits functions individual trees whole responded increased availability, magnitudes developed over time. found response magnitude, temporal trajectory responses, length initial lag period prior significant largely varied across traits. detected stronger aboveground tree (e.g., tree‐ring width, needle length, crown transparency) compared belowground fine‐root biomass). during years demand adjusted by increasing root biomass later irrigation, resulting survival rate plots. also stimulated ecosystem‐level foliar decomposition rate, fungal fruit body biomass, regeneration abundances broadleaved species. However, did not promote trees, which reported be vulnerable extreme droughts. Our results extensive evidence tree‐ were pervasive number long‐term scales. after reaching peak, magnitude either decreased reached new state, providing important insights into resource alterations could system functioning its conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Fine root decomposition in forest ecosystems: an ecological perspective

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2023

Fine root decomposition is a physio-biochemical activity that critical to the global carbon cycle (C) in forest ecosystems. It crucial investigate mechanisms and factors control fine ecosystems understand their system-level balance. This process can be influenced by several abiotic (e.g., mean annual temperature, precipitation, site elevation, stand age, salinity, soil pH) biotic microorganism, substrate quality) variables. Comparing rates within sites reveals positive impacts of nitrogen phosphorus concentrations negative effects lignin concentration. Nevertheless, estimating actual breakdown difficult due inadequate methods, anthropogenic activities, impact climate change. Herein, we propose how physiochemical characteristics interact with microorganisms influence decomposition. review summarized elements this process, as well research methods used it. There also need study seasonal changes affecting cumulative evidence will provide information on temporal spatial dynamics ecosystems, determine logging reforestation affect

Язык: Английский

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Functional Potential of Soil Microbial Communities and Their Subcommunities Varies with Tree Mycorrhizal Type and Tree Diversity

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2)

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Loss of multifunctional microbial communities can negatively affect ecosystem services, especially forest soil nutrient cycling. Therefore, exploration the genomic potential communities, particularly their constituting subcommunities and taxa for cycling, is vital to get an in-depth mechanistic understanding better management ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Contrasting sensitivity of soil bacterial and fungal community composition to one year of water limitation in Scots pine mesocosms

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99(6)

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

The soil microbiome is crucial for regulating biogeochemical processes and can, thus, strongly influence tree health, especially under stress conditions. However, little known about the effect of prolonged water deficit on microbial communities during development saplings. We assessed response prokaryotic fungal to different levels experimental limitation in mesocosms with Scots pine combined analyses physicochemical properties growth DNA metabarcoding throughout four seasons. Seasonal changes temperature content a decreasing pH influenced composition but not their total abundance. Contrasting contents gradually altered community structure over Results indicated that were less resistant than communities. Water promoted proliferation desiccation tolerant, oligotrophic taxa. Moreover, an associated increase C/N ratio induced shift potential lifestyle taxa from symbiotic saprotrophic. Overall, appeared alter involved nutrient cycling, pointing consequences forest health affected by episodes drought.

Язык: Английский

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