Rumen microbes, enzymes, metabolisms, and application in lignocellulosic waste conversion - A comprehensive review

Biotechnology Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 71, С. 108308 - 108308

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Rumen protozoa and viruses: The predators within and their functions—A mini-review

JDS Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. 236 - 240

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

The rumen microbiome digests plant feedstuff that would be otherwise indigestible and provides most of the metabolizable energy protein needed by host animals. Until recently, research effort has mostly been directed to bacteria archaea, leaving protozoa, fungi, viruses much less understood. Protozoa contribute feed digestion fermentation, but as predators, they impact its function regulating abundance activities microbes both in a top-down (by directly killing prey) bottom-up affecting metabolism other microbes) manner. Rumen (or phages, used interchangeably below) are diverse abundant least They also predators (intracellular "predators") because their lytic lifecycle, although can co-exist peacefully with hosts reprogram buttressing ecological fitness. In doing so, affect Here we review recent advancement understanding types focus on potential functions.

Язык: Английский

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Anaerobic fungi in the tortoise alimentary tract illuminate early stages of host-fungal symbiosis and Neocallimastigomycota evolution

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

Abstract Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota ) reside in the alimentary tract of herbivores. While their presence mammals is well documented, evidence for occurrence non-mammalian hosts currently sparse. Culture-independent surveys AGF tortoises identified a unique community, with three novel deep-branching genera representing >90% sequences most samples. Representatives all were successfully isolated under strict anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses indicated an ancient, position tree these genera, evolutionary divergence time estimate 104-112 million years ago (Mya). Such estimates push establishment animal- symbiosis from late to early Cretaceous. Further, tortoise-associated isolates (T-AGF) exhibited limited capacity plant polysaccharides metabolism lacked genes encoding several carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families. Finally, we demonstrate that observed curtailed degradation capacities reduced CAZyme repertoire driven by paucity horizontal gene transfer (HGT) T-AGF genomes, compared mammalian counterparts. This was reflected altered cellulosomal production T-AGF. Our findings provide insights into phylogenetic diversity, ecological distribution, history, evolution fungal-host nutritional symbiosis, dynamics acquisition .

Язык: Английский

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Yaks Are Dependent on Gut Microbiota for Survival in the Environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

The yak (Poephagus grunniens) has evolved unique adaptations to survive the harsh environment of Tibetan Plateau, while their gut microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining health animal. Gut microbes spread through animal population not only by horizontal transmission but also vertically, which enhances microbial stability and inheritance between generations population. Homogenization different species occurs same habitat enhancing interspecies coexistence. Using as model animal, this paper reviews adaptive strategies under extreme environments how circulate throughout Plateau system, affects other plateau animals such pikas, can have profound impact on people. By examining relationships yaks microbes, review provides new perspectives understanding ecosystem.

Язык: Английский

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Yaks Are Dependent on Gut Microbiota for Survival in the Environment of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 1122 - 1122

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

The yak (Poephagus grunniens) has evolved unique adaptations to survive the harsh environment of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, while their gut microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining health animal. Gut microbes spread through animal population not only by horizontal transmission but also vertically, which enhances microbial stability and inheritance between generations population. Homogenization different species occurs same habitat, promoting interspecies coexistence. Using as model animal, this paper discusses adaptive strategies under extreme environments, how circulate throughout Tibetan Plateau system, affects other plateau animals such pikas, can have profound impact on people. By examining relationships yaks microbiota, review offers new insights into adaptation ecological niche plateau.

Язык: Английский

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Rumen protozoa are a hub for diverse hydrogenotrophic functions

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024

Abstract Ciliate protozoa are an integral part of the rumen microbial community involved in a variety metabolic processes. These processes thought to be outcome interactions with their associated prokaryotic community. For example, methane production is enhanced through interspecies hydrogen transfer between and archaea. We hypothesize that ciliate host stable dictated by specific functions they carry. Here, we modify varying forage‐to‐concentrate ratios show that, despite major changes community, several taxa remain stably protozoa. By quantifying genes belonging various known reduction pathways rumen, find bacterial enriched utilization these correspond same taxonomic affiliations seen Our results may serve as hub for hydrogenotrophic better understanding driven different unveil potential role ciliates shaping metabolism.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling novel antimicrobial peptides from the ruminant gastrointestinal microbiomes: A deep learning-driven approach yields an anti-MRSA candidate

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) present a promising avenue to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The ruminant gastrointestinal microbiome serves as unique ecosystem that offers untapped potential for AMP discovery.

Язык: Английский

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Rumen protozoa and viruses: New insights into their diversity and potential roles through omics lenses–A review

Journal of Dairy Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Composition and Role of Endobiont Infusorians in the Digestive Tract of the Manchurian Deer in Yakutia

Genetics and breeding of animals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4, С. 93 - 92

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Purpose : to study the composition and role of endobiont ciliates in digestive tract red deer living Yakutia. Materials methods. The was conducted on materials obtained from forestomachs animals delivered Amginsky ulus December. In total, one animal examined, which two samples were taken. Microscopic examination carried out during analysis sample prints. Species affiliation, abundance morphological parameters determined. Results . During analysis, five species identified, including Entodinium fursa monolobum, anteronucleatum, Epidinium ecaudatum Eudiplodinium maggii, belonging genera Entodinium, Eudiplodinium. Of particular interest is discovery specific deer, makes it unique biodiversity forestomach microorganisms. Comparative showed presence common with cattle - fursa, ecaudatum, may indicate similarity processes these animals, although they are more effective due limited food supply. Studies have confirmed participation microorganisms, especially microaerophilic organisms Eudiplodinium, processing, coarse plant fiber. These play an important improving quality efficiency digestion, as well availability nutrients. Further microorganisms prospects for development new veterinary drugs aimed at regulating quantity microflora microfauna not only but also other ruminants.

Язык: Английский

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The dawn of the revolution that will allow us to precisely describe how microbiomes function

Journal of Proteomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 316, С. 105430 - 105430

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

The community of microorganisms inhabiting a specific environment, such as the human gut - including bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, protozoa, and others is known microbiota. A holobiont, in turn, refers to an integrated ecological unit where microbial communities function interact with their host, thus more integrative concept. To understand processes involved, diversity present must be identified molecular components quantified, especially proteins. Indeed, proteins through roles catalytic units, structural components, signaling molecules are main drivers biological processes. Metagenomics has significantly expanded what we know about genetic material microbiota, revealing functional potential; metabolomics delivers overall snapshot metabolites produced by community. But metaproteomics offers complementary approach explore microbiome holobiont functionality focusing on active pathways from each taxon. Significant recent advances high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry have greatly catalog peptide sequences accessible sample, creating conditions for unprecedented taxonomical profiling, while also providing accurate biomass quantification, detailed protein characterization, greater capacity monitor abundance distinguish host biomarkers. By integrating artificial intelligence into pipeline, extended datasets can now efficiently mined gain comprehensive view complex systems, paving way next-generation metaproteomics. In this perspective, I discuss transformative potential methodology. We cusp remarkable omic revolution that promises uncover intricate workings microbiomes producing vast array new knowledge multiple applications. SIGNIFICANCE: Metaproteomics provides powerful lens investigate identifying quantifying within Recent breakthroughs dramatically repertoire detectable per sample. This progress enables taxonomic resolution identification, precise monitoring, unique identification commentary, delve distinctive features make tool. advancements argue primary challenge analyzing samples shifting data acquisition interpretation. With integration intelligence, believe poised become next Big Thing research, unlocking profound insights ecosystem dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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