Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Association with Signalling Pathways in Inflammation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(17), С. 6356 - 6356

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2020

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, propionate and butyrate, are mainly produced by anaerobic fermentation of gut microbes. SCFAs play an important role in regulating energy metabolism supply, as well maintaining the homeostasis intestinal environment. In recent years, many studies have shown that demonstrate physiologically beneficial effects, signalling pathways related to SCFA production, absorption, metabolism, effects been discovered. Two major concerning SCFAs, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRCs) histone deacetylases (HDACs), recognized. this review, we summarize advances biological properties inflammation glucose lipid metabolism.

Язык: Английский

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The human gut bacteria Christensenellaceae are widespread, heritable, and associated with health

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2019

Abstract The Christensenellaceae , a recently described family in the phylum Firmicutes is emerging as an important player human health. relative abundance of gut inversely related to host body mass index (BMI) different populations and multiple studies, making its relationship with BMI most robust reproducible link between microbial ecology metabolic disease reported date. also healthy status number other contexts, including obesity inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, highly heritable across populations, although specific genes underlying heritability have so far been elusive. Further research into metabolism these bacteria should reveal mechanistic underpinnings their host-health associations enable development therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative Analyses of Vertebrate Gut Microbiomes Reveal Convergence between Birds and Bats

mBio, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2020

In this comprehensive survey of microbiomes >900 species, including 315 mammals and 491 birds, we find a striking convergence the birds animals that fly. nonflying mammals, diet short-term evolutionary relatedness drive microbiome, many microbial species are specific to particular kind mammal, but flying break pattern with microbes shared across different little correlation either or hosts. This finding suggests adaptation flight breaks long-held relationships between hosts their microbes.

Язык: Английский

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Applying the core microbiome to understand host–microbe systems

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 89(7), С. 1549 - 1558

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2020

Abstract The host‐associated core microbiome was originally coined to refer common groups of microbes or genes that were likely be particularly important for host biological function. However, the term has evolved encompass variable definitions across studies, often identifying key with respect their spatial distribution, temporal stability ecological influence, as well contribution function and fitness. A major barrier reaching a consensus over how define its relevance biological, evolutionary theory is lack precise terminology associated definitions, persistent association Common, microbiomes can together generate insights into processes act independently function, while functional host‐adapted cores distinguish between facultative near‐obligate symbionts differ in effects on This commentary summarizes five broad have been applied literature, highlighting strengths limitations advancing our understanding host–microbe systems, noting where they are overlap, discussing potential No one definition capture range population. Applied together, reveal different layers microbial organization from which we begin understand govern interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Co-evolution and Co-speciation of Host-Gut Bacteria Systems

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 28(1), С. 12 - 22

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2020

Mammalian gut microbiomes profoundly influence host fitness, but the processes that drive evolution of host-microbiome systems are poorly understood. Recent studies suggest mammals and their individual symbionts can have parallel evolutionary histories, as represented by congruent phylogenies. These "co-phylogenetic" patterns signatures ancient co-speciation events illustrate cohesiveness mammalian host-gut microbiome entity over times. Theory predicts between could result from co-evolution. However, there is only limited evidence such Here, we propose a model explains cophylogenetic without relying on Specifically, bacteria likely to diverge in recapitulating phylogeny when hosts undergo allopatric speciation, limiting inter-host bacterial dispersal genomic recombination. We provide empirically grounded series observational experimental approaches test its validity.

Язык: Английский

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Host habitat is the major determinant of the gut microbiome of fish

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2021

Our understanding of the gut microbiota animals is largely based on studies mammals. To better understand evolutionary basis symbiotic relationships between animal hosts and indigenous microbes, it necessary to investigate non-mammalian vertebrate species. In particular, fish have highest species diversity among groups vertebrates, with approximately 33,000 this study, we comprehensively characterized bacterial communities in fish.

Язык: Английский

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Host specificity of the gut microbiome

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 19(10), С. 639 - 653

Опубликована: Май 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and functional landscapes in the microbiota of animals in the wild

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 372(6539)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Animals in the wild are able to subsist on pathogen-infected and poisonous food show immunity various diseases. These may be due their microbiota, yet we have a poor understanding of animal microbial diversity function. We used metagenomics analyze gut microbiota more than 180 species wild, covering diverse classes, feeding behaviors, geographies, traits. Using de novo metagenome assembly, constructed functionally annotated database 5000 genomes, comprising 1209 bacterial which 75% unknown. The composition, diversity, functional content exhibit associations with taxonomy, diet, activity, social structure, life span. identify animals as largely untapped resource for discovery therapeutics biotechnology applications.

Язык: Английский

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Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6612), С. 1328 - 1332

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2022

The gut microbiomes of human populations worldwide have many core microbial species in common. However, within a species, some strains can show remarkable population specificity. question is whether such specificity arises from shared evolutionary history (codiversification) between humans and their microbes. To test for codiversification host microbiota, we analyzed paired metagenomes genomes 1225 individuals Europe, Asia, Africa, including mothers children. Between countries, parallel was evident Moreover, displaying the strongest independently evolved traits characteristic dependency, reduced oxygen temperature sensitivity. These findings all point to importance understanding potential role population-specific microbiome-mediated disease phenotypes.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution in wild animals and plants

Science China Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66(3), С. 453 - 495

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Язык: Английский

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