Factors shaping the abundance and diversity of the gut archaeome across the animal kingdom

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

Archaea are common constituents of the gut microbiome humans, ruminants, and termites but little is known about their diversity abundance in other animals. Here, we analyse sequencing quantification data archaeal bacterial 16S rRNA genes from 250 species animals covering a large taxonomic spectrum. We detect presence archaea 175 animal belonging to invertebrates, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles mammals. identify five dominant lineages, corresponding Methanobrevibacter, Methanosphaera, Methanocorpusculum, Methanimicrococcus "Ca. Methanomethylophilaceae". Some clades, notably within associated certain hosts, suggesting specific adaptations. The non-methanogenic lineage Nitrososphaeraceae (Thaumarchaeota) frequently present samples, although at low abundance, may have also adapted environment. Host phylogeny, diet type, fibre content, intestinal tract physiology major drivers archaeome overall more influenced by these factors than that bacteria. Methanogens reducing methyl-compounds with H

Язык: Английский

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The avian gut microbiota: Diversity, influencing factors, and future directions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2022

The gut microbiota is viewed as the “second genome” of animals, sharing intricate relationships with their respective hosts. Because microbial community and its diversity are affected by many intrinsic extrinsic factors, studying intestinal microbes has become an important research topic. However, publications dominated studies on domestic or captive birds, while composition response mechanism environmental changes in wild birds remains scarce. Therefore, it to understand co-evolution host bacteria under natural conditions elucidate diversity, maintenance mechanisms, functions birds. Here, existing knowledge summarized, along previous function, methods employed, factors influencing avian communities. Furthermore, hotspots directions were also discussed identify dynamics microbiota, aiming contribute microbiology future.

Язык: Английский

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Potential Mechanisms Linking Food-Derived MicroRNAs, Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Functions in the Context of Nutrition and Human Health

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Март 9, 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules from 18 to 24 nucleotides that produced by prokaryote and eukaryote organisms, which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression through binding their mRNA targets. MiRNAs have acquired special attention for potential cross kingdom communication, notably food-derived microRNAs (xenomiRs), could an impact on microorganism mammal physiology. In this review, we mainly aim deal with new perspectives on: (1) The mechanism xenomiRs (mainly dietary plant xenomiRs) be incorporated into humans diet, free form, associated proteins or encapsulated exosome-like nanoparticles. (2) of plant-derived miRNAs modulating gut microbiota composition, turn, regulate intestinal barrier permeability therefore, affect metabolite, postbiotics uptake efficiency. Individual signature/composition also involved xenomiR efficiency several mechanisms such us increasing the bioavailability nanoparticles miRNAs. (3) Gut dysbiosis has been proposed contribute disease development affecting epithelial permeability. For his reason, availability might depend, among other factors, microbiota-related intestine. We hypothesize critically review xenomiRs-microbiota interaction, scarcely explored yet, explain, at least part, current disparity evidences found dealing miRNA function humans. Furthermore, establishment multiple microenvironments, would adapt order optimize resources thrive them. Additionally, particular preferentially accumulate specific region gastrointestinal tract participate selection functions microbial communities.

Язык: Английский

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Diet and gut microbiome enterotype are associated at the population level in African buffalo

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2021

Studies in humans and laboratory animals link stable gut microbiome "enterotypes" with long-term diet host health. Understanding how this paradigm manifests wild herbivores could provide a mechanistic explanation of the relationships between dynamics, changes dietary resources, outcomes for We identify two putative enterotypes African buffalo microbiome. The enterotype prevalent under resource-abundant regimes, regardless environmental conditions, has high richness, low between- within-host beta diversity, enrichment genus Ruminococcaceae-UCG-005. second enterotype, restricted reduced elevated Solibacillus. Population-level gamma diversity is maintained during resource restriction by increased individuals, suggesting mechanism population-level resilience. three pathogens associated variation depending on diet, indicating that nutritional background may impact microbiome-pathogen dynamics. Overall, study reveals diet-driven plasticity, illustrates ecological processes maintain identifies potential associations disease.

Язык: Английский

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Host Species and Geography Differentiate Honeybee Gut Bacterial Communities by Changing the Relative Contribution of Community Assembly Processes

mBio, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2021

Honeybee gut microbiota modulates the health and fitness of honeybees, ecologically economically important pollinators honey producers. However, which processes drive assembly shift honeybee remains unknown. To explore patterns bacterial communities across host species geographical sites relative contribution different (i.e., homogeneous selection, variable dispersal, dispersal limitation, an undominated process) in driving patterns, two (Apis cerana Apis mellifera) were sampled from five geographically distant along a latitudinal gradient, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The differed significantly between A. mellifera, was driven interhost limitation associated with long-term coevolution hosts their prokaryotic symbionts. mellifera harbored more diverse but less varied than due to dominant role selection converging intestinal communities. For each species, sites, individuals lower latitudes harboring higher diversity; also, there significant decay community similarity against geographic distance. variation mainly process (e.g., stochastic drift) rather or limitation. This study elucidates that variations geography alter assembling and, thus, provides insights into mechanisms underlying microbial shifts evolutionary time. IMPORTANCE Honeybees provide crucial pollination services valuable apiarian products. symbiotic facilitate promoting nutrient assimilation, detoxifying toxins, resisting pathogens. Thus, understanding govern is imperative for better managing improve health. little known about quantitatively deciphers importance governing explores how varies biological spatial scales. Our new maintenance microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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