Wound healing: cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes

Open Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Wound healing is a complex, dynamic process supported by myriad of cellular events that must be tightly coordinated to efficiently repair damaged tissue. Derangement in wound-linked behaviours, as occurs with diabetes and ageing, can lead impairment the formation chronic, non-healing wounds. These wounds are significant socioeconomic burden due their high prevalence recurrence. Thus, there an urgent requirement for improved biological clinical understanding mechanisms underpin wound repair. Here, we review basis tissue discuss how current emerging pathology could inform future development efficacious therapies.

Язык: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: An Overview

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(20), С. 7618 - 7618

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2020

The gut microbiota encompasses a diverse community of bacteria that carry out various functions influencing the overall health host. These comprise nutrient metabolism, immune system regulation and natural defence against infection. presence certain is associated with inflammatory molecules may bring about inflammation in body tissues. Inflammation underlies many chronic multisystem conditions including obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus bowel disease. be triggered by structural components which can result cascade pathways involving interleukins other cytokines. Similarly, by-products metabolic processes bacteria, some short-chain fatty acids, play role inhibiting processes. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview relationship between highlight relevant knowledge gaps field. Based on current literature, it appears as composition differs individuals contingent variety factors like diet genetics, possess pro-inflammatory effects whilst others harbour those anti-inflammatory effects. Recent technological advancements have allowed for better methods characterising microbiota. Further research continually improve our understanding interact elucidate reasons behind varying presentations same disease varied responses treatment different individuals. Furthermore, inform clinical practice microbes employed probiotic therapies or used identify suitable prebiotic therapies.

Язык: Английский

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RESCRIPt: Reproducible sequence taxonomy reference database management

PLoS Computational Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(11), С. e1009581 - e1009581

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2021

Nucleotide sequence and taxonomy reference databases are critical resources for widespread applications including marker-gene metagenome sequencing microbiome analysis, diet metabarcoding, environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys. Reproducibly generating, managing, using, evaluating nucleotide creates a significant bottleneck researchers aiming to generate custom databases. Furthermore, database composition drastically influences results, lack of standardization limits cross-study comparisons. To address these challenges, we developed RESCRIPt, Python 3 software package QIIME 2 plugin reproducible generation management databases, dedicated functions that streamline creating from popular sources, evaluating, comparing, interactively exploring qualitative quantitative characteristics across highlight the breadth capabilities provide several examples working with profiling (SILVA, Greengenes, NCBI-RefSeq, GTDB), eDNA metabarcoding surveys (BOLD, GenBank), as well genome comparison. We show bigger is not always better, standardized taxonomies those focus on type strains have advantages, though may be appropriate all use cases. Most appear benefit some curation (quality filtering), clustering appears detrimental quality. Finally, demonstrate extensibility RESCRIPt workflows comparison global hepatitis genomes. provides tools democratize process acquisition management, enabling reproducibly transparently create materials diverse research applications. released under permissive BSD-3 license at https://github.com/bokulich-lab/RESCRIPt .

Язык: Английский

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Vaginal microbiota and the potential of Lactobacillus derivatives in maintaining vaginal health

Microbial Cell Factories, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2020

Abstract Human vagina is colonised by a diverse array of microorganisms that make up the normal microbiota and mycobiota. Lactobacillus most frequently isolated microorganism from healthy human vagina, this includes crispatus , gasseri iners jensenii . These vaginal lactobacilli have been touted to prevent invasion pathogens keeping their population in check. However, disruption ecosystem contributes overgrowth which causes complicated infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted (STIs), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Predisposing factors menses, pregnancy, sexual practice, uncontrolled usage antibiotics, douching can alter microbial community. Therefore, composition serves an important role determining health. Owing Generally Recognised Safe (GRAS) status, widely utilised one alternatives besides conventional antimicrobial treatment against for prevention chronic vaginitis restoration ecosystem. In addition, effectiveness prophylaxis has also well-founded long-term administration. This review aimed highlight beneficial effects derivatives (i.e. surface-active molecules) with anti-biofilm, antioxidant, pathogen-inhibition, immunomodulation activities developing remedies infections. We discuss current challenges implementation use promotion review, we intend provide insights development complementary or alternative medicine probiotic therapy

Язык: Английский

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Marine Plastic Debris: A New Surface for Microbial Colonization

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 54(19), С. 11657 - 11672

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2020

Plastics become rapidly colonized by microbes when released into marine environments. This microbial community—the Plastisphere—has recently sparked a multitude of scientific inquiries and generated breadth knowledge, which we bring together in this review. Besides providing better understanding community composition biofilm development ecosystems, critically discuss current research on plastic biodegradation the identification potentially pathogenic "hitchhikers" Plastisphere. The Plastisphere is at interface between its surrounding milieu, thus drives every interaction that synthetic material has with environment, from ecotoxicity new links food webs to fate plastics water column. We conclude so far not shown communities starkly differ other inert surfaces, particularly true for mature assemblages. Furthermore, despite progress been made field, recognize it time take plastic–Plastisphere–environment interactions step further identifying present gaps our knowledge offering perspective key aspects be addressed future studies: (I) physical characterization biofilms, (II) inclusion relevant controls, (III) study different successional stages, (IV) use environmentally concentrations biofouled microplastics, (V) prioritization gaining mechanistic functional communities.

Язык: Английский

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The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2020

Abstract There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in gut microbiota can alter brain physiology and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by central nervous system. However, it now becoming clear many non-nervous system factors, including gut-resident bacteria of gastrointestinal tract, regulate influence cognitive dysfunction as well process neurodegeneration cerebrovascular diseases. Extrinsic intrinsic factors dietary habits composition microbiota. Microbes release metabolites microbiota-derived molecules further trigger host-derived cytokines inflammation system, which contribute greatly pathogenesis host disorders such pain, depression, anxiety, autism, Alzheimer’s diseases, Parkinson’s disease, stroke. Change blood–brain barrier permeability, vascular physiology, structure are among most critical causes development downstream neurological dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss following parts: Overview technical approaches used microbiome studies Microbiota immunity Gut Microbiota-induced Neuropsychiatric diseases ■ Stress depression Pain migraine Autism spectrum Neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Multiple Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis Stroke Arteriovenous malformation Conclusions perspectives

Язык: Английский

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Diversity within species: interpreting strains in microbiomes

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(9), С. 491 - 506

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2020

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(4), С. 1920 - 1935

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Abstract The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as ‘metabolic machinery’ influencing many aspects physiology has gained substantial attention in the field psychiatry. This is largely due to overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both potential functionality and biological thought be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised current literature investigating differences composition people major psychiatric disorders, depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) schizophrenia (SZ), compared ‘healthy’ controls. We also explored across disorders an attempt elucidate commonalities microbial signatures these Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through December 2021. identified 44 studies (including a total 2510 cases 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, which 24 investigated MDD, seven BD, 15 SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for difference number or distribution (α-diversity) bacteria those However, relatively consistent reporting overall community (β-diversity) without specific bacterial taxa commonly including lower levels genera produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher lactic acid-producing bacteria, glutamate GABA metabolism. observed heterogeneity regards methodologies reporting. Further prospective experimental research using new tools robust guidelines hold promise improving our role brain health development interventions based on modification microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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High-accuracy long-read amplicon sequences using unique molecular identifiers with Nanopore or PacBio sequencing

Nature Methods, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(2), С. 165 - 169

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Primer, Pipelines, Parameters: Issues in 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

mSphere, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2021

In 16S rRNA gene sequencing, certain bacterial genera were found to be underrepresented or even missing in taxonomic profiles when using unsuitable primer combinations, outdated reference databases, inadequate pipeline settings. Concerning the last, quality thresholds as well bioinformatic settings (i.e., clustering approach, analysis pipeline, and specific adjustments such truncation) are responsible for a number of observed differences between studies.

Язык: Английский

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