The gut–airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(8), С. 492 - 506

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 68(6)

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2024

Abstract The human gut microbiota regulates estrogen metabolism through the “estrobolome,” collection of bacterial genes that encode enzymes like β‐glucuronidases and β‐glucosidases. These deconjugate reactivate estrogen, influencing circulating levels. estrobolome mediates enterohepatic circulation bioavailability estrogen. Alterations in composition function have been associated with estrogen‐related diseases breast cancer, enometrial polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This is likely due to dysregulated signaling partly contributed by microbial impacts on metabolism. Dietary phytoestrogens also undergo into active metabolites equol, which binds receptors exhibits higher estrogenic potency than its precursor daidzein. However, ability produce equol varies across populations, depending presence specific microbes. Characterizing equol‐producing populations can provide microbiome‐based biomarkers. Further research needed investigate components estrobolome, phytoestrogen‐microbiota interactions, mechanisms linking dysbiosis pathology. current evidence suggests an integral regulator status clinical relevance women's health hormonal disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Faecal microbial transfer and complex carbohydrates mediate protection against COPD

Gut, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 73(5), С. 751 - 769

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of global illness and death, most commonly caused by cigarette smoke. The mechanisms pathogenesis remain poorly understood, limiting the development effective therapies. gastrointestinal microbiome has been implicated in chronic lung diseases via gut-lung axis, but its role unclear. Design Using an vivo mouse model smoke (CS)-induced COPD faecal microbial transfer (FMT), we characterised microbiota using metagenomics, proteomics metabolomics. Findings were correlated with airway systemic inflammation, gut histopathology function. Complex carbohydrates assessed mice high resistant starch diet, 16 patients randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study inulin supplementation. Results FMT alleviated hallmark features (inflammation, alveolar destruction, impaired function), pathology immune changes. Protective effects additive to smoking cessation, CS-associated after antibiotic-induced depletion was sufficient increase inflammation while suppressing colonic immunity absence CS exposure. Disease relative abundance Muribaculaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae Lachnospiraceae family members. Proteomics metabolomics identified downregulation glucose metabolism microbiota, supplementation or human complex improved outcomes. Conclusion contributes can be targeted therapeutically.

Язык: Английский

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Gut–X axis

iMeta, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Abstract Recent advances in understanding the modulatory functions of gut and microbiota on human diseases facilitated our focused attention contribution to pathophysiological alterations many extraintestinal organs, including liver, heart, brain, lungs, kidneys, bone, skin, reproductive, endocrine systems. In this review, we applied “gut–X axis” concept describe linkages between other organs discussed latest findings related axis,” underlying mechanisms potential clinical intervention strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota, dysbiosis and atrial fibrillation. Arrhythmogenic mechanisms and potential clinical implications

Cardiovascular Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(11), С. 2415 - 2427

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021

Recent preclinical and observational cohort studies have implicated imbalances in gut microbiota composition as a contributor to atrial fibrillation (AF). The is complex dynamic ecosystem containing trillions of microorganisms, which produces bioactive metabolites influencing host health disease development. In addition host-specific determinants, lifestyle-related factors such diet drugs are important determinants the composition. this review, we discuss evidence suggesting potential bidirectional association between AF microbiota, identifying microbiota-derived possible regulators substrate. We summarize effect on development progression risk factors, including heart failure, hypertension, obesity, coronary artery disease. also anti-arrhythmic effects pharmacological diet-induced modifications composition, may modulate prevent AF. Finally, highlight gaps knowledge areas requiring future investigation. Although data supporting direct relationship very limited at present time, emerging clinical research dealing with mechanistic interactions it lead new insights into pathophysiology discovery novel therapeutic targets for

Язык: Английский

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(13), С. 2889 - 2889

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, tobacco smoke. The progression from early onset advanced leads loss alveolar wall, hypertension, and fibrosis epithelium. Here, we focus on epidemiology, progression, biomarkers with particular connection lung cancer. Dissecting cellular molecular players in disease, aim shed light role smoking, which is responsible or at least more severe symptoms worse patient outcomes. We summarize conditions, as well EMT fibroblasts establishing cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., soil 'COPD-derived' highlight that major health problem can be alleviated smoking cessation, diagnosis, abandonment usage biomass fuels global basis.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota, in the Halfway between Nutrition and Lung Function

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(5), С. 1716 - 1716

Опубликована: Май 19, 2021

The gut microbiota is often mentioned as a “forgotten organ” or “metabolic organ”, given its profound impact on host physiology, metabolism, immune function and nutrition. A healthy diet undoubtedly major contributor for promoting “good” microbial community that turns out to be crucial fine-tuned symbiotic relationship with the host. Both microbial-derived components produced metabolites elicit activation of downstream cascades capable modulate both local systemic responses. balance between keep intestinal barrier an optimal homeostasis, thus contributing prevent disease occurrence. How dietary habits can and, ultimately, immunity in health has been subject intense study, especially regard metabolic diseases. Only recently, these links have started explored relation lung objective this review address current knowledge how affects it acts function. As system seems key player cross-talk diet, lungs, involved interactions are discussed. There nutrients that, when present our help homeostasis lead healthier lifestyle, even ameliorating chronic Thus, we hope incite scientific interest use valuable non-pharmacological addition diseases management. First, talk about through better understanding following sections, which main focus article: way impacts gut–lung axis explain modifiable factor influencing several

Язык: Английский

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Links between gut microbiome composition and fatty liver disease in a large population sample

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Fatty liver disease is the most common in world. Its connection with gut microbiome has been known for at least 80 y, but this association remains mostly unstudied general population because of underdiagnosis and small sample sizes. To address knowledge gap, we studied link between Liver Index (FLI), a well-established proxy fatty disease, composition representative, ethnically homogeneous 6,269 Finnish participants. We based our models on biometric covariates compositions from shallow metagenome sequencing. Our classification could discriminate individuals high FLI (≥60, indicates likely steatosis) low (<60) internal cross-region validation, consisting 30% data not used model training, an average AUC 0.75 AUPRC 0.56 (baseline 0.30). In addition to age sex, included differences 11 microbial groups class Clostridia, belonging orders Lachnospirales Oscillospirales. were also predictive group different cohort, 258 participants, 0.77 0.51 0.21). Pathway analysis representative genomes positively FLI-associated taxa (NCBI) Clostridium subclusters IV XIVa indicated presence of, e.g., ethanol fermentation pathways. These results support several findings smaller case–control studies, such as role endogenous producers development liver.

Язык: Английский

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COPD and Gut–Lung Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence COPD and Related Therapeutics

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

The exact pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains largely unknown. While current management strategies are effective at stabilizing the or relief symptoms, new approaches required to target underlying process and reverse lung function deterioration. Recent research showed that pneumonia bacteria is critical in progression gut microbiome likely perturbed COPD, which usually accompanied by a decreased intestinal microbial diversity disturbance immune system, contributing inflammation. cross-talk between microbes lungs, termed as “gut-lung axis,” known impact response homeostasis airway. Although respiratory microbiota exhibit compositional differences, similarities origin epithelia both gastrointestinal tracts, anatomical structure, early-life colonization. Evidence infection might be prevented, least dampened regulating ecosystem; thus, promising yet understudied area COPD nutrition-based preventive strategies. patient often deficient nutrient such antioxidant, vitamins, fiber intake. However, further larger-scale randomized clinical trials (RCTs) establish role these diet management. In this review, we highlight important complex interaction on gut-lung axis. Further into modification improvement interventions through diet, probiotics, fecal transplantation extreme provide therapies for COPD.

Язык: Английский

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Relationship between gut microbiota and lung function decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a 1-year follow-up study

Respiratory Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung characterized by persistent limitation in airflow. Gut microbiota closely correlated with inflammation. However, gut has not been studied patients declining function, due to progression.Stool samples were obtained from 55 COPD that stable condition at enrolment (stage 1) and 1-year follow-up 2). After extracting stool DNA, we performed next generation sequencing analyse the distribution of microbiota.Patients divided control function groups, based on whether rate forced expiratory volume 1 s (FEV1) had declined over time. An alpha diversity analysis initial showed significant difference community richness group, but group. At phylum level, Bacteroidetes was more abundant group Firmicutes The Alloprevotella genus than follow-up, mean proportions Acinetobacter Stenotrophomonas significantly increased respectively.Some shifts associated decline under regular treatment. Future studies should investigate mechanism underlying alterations changes bacterial communities, COPD.

Язык: Английский

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