Medical Device-Associated Biofilm Infections and Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 393 - 393

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

Medical devices such as venous catheters (VCs) and urinary (UCs) are widely used in the hospital setting. However, implantation of these is often accompanied by complications. About 60 to 70% nosocomial infections (NIs) linked biofilms. The main complication ability microorganisms adhere surfaces form biofilms which protect them help persist host. Indeed, crossing skin barrier, insertion VC inevitably allows flora or accidental environmental contaminants access underlying tissues cause fatal complications like bloodstream (BSIs). In fact, 80,000 central catheters-BSIs (CVC-BSIs)-mainly occur intensive care units (ICUs) with a death rate 12 25%. Similarly, catheter-associated tract (CA-UTIs) most commonlyhospital-acquired (HAIs) worldwide.These represent up 40% NIs.In this review, we present summary biofilm formation steps. We provide an overview two important clinical settings medical devices, namely catheter-asociated (CA-BSIs) (CA-UTIs), highlight also multidrug resistant bacteria implicated infections. Furthermore, draw attention toseveral useful prevention strategies, advanced antimicrobial antifouling approaches developed reduce bacterial colonization on catheter incidence catheter-related

Язык: Английский

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Exploring SNP filtering strategies: the influence of strict vs soft core

Microbial Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Phylogenetic analyses are crucial for understanding microbial evolution and infectious disease transmission. Bacterial phylogenies often inferred from SNP alignments, with SNPs as the fundamental signal within these data. alignments can be reduced to a ‘strict core’ by removing those sites that do not have data present in every sample. However, sample size genome diversity increase, strict core shrink markedly, discarding potentially informative Here, we propose provide evidence support use of ‘soft tolerates some missing data, preserving more information phylogenetic analysis. Using large datasets Neisseria gonorrhoeae Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, assess different thresholds. Our results show cores drastically reduce compared soft cores. In 10 000-genome alignment 95% yielded ten times than 100% core. Similar patterns were observed N. . We further evaluated accuracy built strict- soft-core using strong temporal signals. Soft-core generally outperformed producing trees displaying clock-like behaviour; instance, phylogeny had root-to-tip regression R 2 0.50 0.21 strict-core phylogeny. This study suggests strategies preferable large, diverse datasets. To facilitate this, developed Core-SNP-filter ( https://github.com/rrwick/Core-SNP-filter ), an open-source software tool generating whole-genome based on user-defined

Язык: Английский

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Hypermucoviscosity Regulator RmpD Interacts with Wzc and Controls Capsular Polysaccharide Chain Length

mBio, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(3)

Опубликована: Май 4, 2023

Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae continue to be a global public health threat; the treatment of these infections is complicated high frequency multidrug resistance. K. produces polysaccharide capsule required for virulence. Hypervirulent isolates also have hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype that increases virulence, and we recently demonstrated horizontally acquired gene, rmpD , HMV hypervirulence but identity polymeric product(s) in uncertain.

Язык: Английский

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A point mutation in recC associated with subclonal replacement of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in China

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2023

Adaptation to selective pressures is crucial for clinically important pathogens establish epidemics, but the underlying evolutionary drivers remain poorly understood. The current epidemic of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a significant threat public health. In this study we analyzed genome sequences 794 CRKP bloodstream isolates collected in 40 hospitals China between 2014 and 2019. We uncovered subclonal replacement predominant clone ST11, where previously prevalent subclone OL101:KL47 was replaced by O2v1:KL64 over time stepwise manner. carried higher load mobile genetic elements, point mutation exclusively detected recC significantly promotes recombination proficiency. success further associated with hypervirulent sublineage enhanced resistance phagocytosis, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline. phenotypic alterations were linked overrepresentation hypervirulence determinants antibiotic genes conferred acquisition an rmpA-positive pLVPK-like virulence plasmid IncFII-type multidrug-resistant plasmid, respectively. dissemination promoted more frequent inter-hospital transmission. results collectively demonstrate that expansion correlated repertoire genomic convergent subpopulation advantages.

Язык: Английский

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Nanopore-only assemblies for genomic surveillance of the global priority drug-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae

Microbial Genomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing has rich potential for genomic epidemiology and public health investigations of bacterial pathogens, particularly in low-resource settings at the point care, due to its portability affordability. However, low base-call accuracy limited reliability ONT data critical tasks such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) virulence gene detection typing, serotype prediction, cluster identification. Thus, Illumina remains standard surveillance despite higher capital running costs. We tested ONT-only assemblies common applied genomics (genotyping detection, implemented via Kleborate, Kaptive Pathogenwatch), using from 54 unique Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. reads generated MinION with R9.4.1 flowcells were basecalled three alternative models [Fast, High-accuracy (HAC) Super-accuracy (SUP), available within ONT's Guppy software], assembled Flye polished Medaka. Accuracy typing was compared that Illumina-only hybrid ONT+Illumina assemblies, constructed same isolates reference standards. The most resource-intensive ONT-assembly approach (SUP basecalling, or without Medaka polishing) performed best, yielding reliable capsule (K) type calls all strains (100 % exact best matching locus), multi-locus sequence (MLST) assignment (98.3 match single-locus variants), good acquired AMR genes mutations (88-100 correct identification across various drug classes). Distance-based trees SUP+Medaka accurately reflected overall genetic relationships between definition outbreak clusters problematic inflation SNP counts by high errors. could be reliably used 'rule out' distinct lineages suspected transmission clusters. HAC basecalling + polishing similarly SUP polishing. Therefore, we recommend investing compute resources into model), wherever time allow, note is also worthwhile improved performance. Overall, our results show MLST, K determinants can identified flowcell data. challenging this technology.

Язык: Английский

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Sequencing Analysis of Invasive Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Secondary to Gastrointestinal Colonization

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 89 - 89

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

Klebsiella pneumoniae represent a common invasive infection etiological agent, whose potential carbapenem-resistance and hypermucoviscosity complicate the patient's management. Infection development often derives from gastrointestinal colonization; thus, it is fundamental to monitor asymptomatic K. colonization through surveillance protocols, especially for intensive care immunocompromised patients. We described six-month routine screening protocol Policlinico of Catania (Italy), while blood samples were collected same patients only in cases systemic suspicion. All who had dissemination episodes furtherly investigated next-generation sequencing, analyzing both colonizing disseminating strains. This study documents emerging sequence types such as ST101, ST307, ST395, mainly revealing blaNDM or blaKPC genes, along with siderophores hyperproduction capsule markers virulence factors. Most detected factors are presumably related specific plasmid content, which extremely varied rich. In conclusion, active sequencing essential enhance awareness local epidemiology within high-risk multi-drug resistance areas. A random analysis on most warning microorganisms could typing (ST) settings, allowing better prevention control strategies their eventual persistence diffusion.

Язык: Английский

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Outbreak of High-Risk Clone ST323 Klebsiella pneumoniae Resistant to Ceftazidime–Avibactam Due to Acquisition of blaVEB-25 and to Cefiderocol Due to Mutated fiu Gene

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 223 - 223

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Background/Objectives: The incidence of Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CZA)-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate co-producing carbapenemase 2 (KPC-2) and Vietnamese extended-spectrum β-lactamase 25 (VEB-25) has been on the rise in Greece over past five years. This study investigates isolation ST323 K. isolates co-resistant to CZA cefiderocol (FDC) from colonized infected patients a single hospital Athens. Methods: CZA-resistant strains were isolated 5 ICU 27 December 2023 22 January 2024. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against panel agents. Whole-genome sequencing carried out identify acquired resistance genes mutations that associated with FDC resistance. Results: belonged harbored blaKPC-2 blaVEB-25. had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) >256 mg/L for 32 FDC, due disrupted catecholate siderophore receptor Fiu. blaVEB-25 located an IncC non-conjugative plasmid ~14 kb multidrug (MDR) region comprising 15 further genes. Transformation studies showed blaVEB-25-carrying provided most β-lactams tested, including CZA. remained susceptible carbapenems, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/vaborbactam. citrate-dependent iron (III) uptake system (fecIRABCDE), which increased MIC ≤0.08 mg/L. Conclusions: gene plasmids are important contributors spread key antibiotic Strict infection control measures must be elaborated upon prevent extensively drug-resistant organisms such as those described here.

Язык: Английский

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ESBL plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae: diversity, transmission and contribution to infection burden in the hospital setting

Genome Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2022

Abstract Background Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, often mediated by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), is a considerable issue in hospital-associated infections as few drugs remain for treatment. ESBL genes are located on large plasmids that transfer horizontally between strains and species of Enterobacteriaceae frequently confer resistance additional drug classes. Whilst plasmid transmission recognised occur the hospital setting, frequency impact infection burden, compared + strain transmission, not well understood. Methods We sequenced genomes clinical carriage isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae complex from year-long surveillance study investigate burden an Australian hospital. Long-term persistence key transmitted was investigated via sequencing ceftriaxone-resistant during 4 years follow-up, beginning 3 after initial study. Results found 25 distinct plasmids. identified one plasmid, which we called Plasmid A, carried bla CTX-M-15 IncF backbone similar pKPN-307. A at least four times into different species/lineages responsible half all episodes 1-year period. Three A-positive persisted locally 3–6 later, detected two backgrounds. Overall accounted 21% follow-up Conclusions Here, systematically surveyed over 1 year single network. events were rare this they had significant sustained multidrug-resistant infections. If onward A-carrying could have been prevented, may reduced number opportunities transmit create novel strains, reducing overall burden.

Язык: Английский

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Strong pathogen competition in neonatal gut colonisation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Abstract Opportunistic bacterial pathogen species and their strains that colonise the human gut are generally understood to compete against both each other commensal colonising this ecosystem. Currently we lacking a population-wide quantification of strain-level colonisation dynamics relationship potential prevalence in disease, how ecological factors might be modulating these. Here, using combination latest high-resolution metagenomics genomic epidemiology methods performed characterisation competition for longitudinal cohort neonatal microbiomes. We found strong inter- intra-species process, but also number synergistic relationships among several belonging genus Klebsiella , which includes prominent pneumoniae . No evidence preferential by hospital-adapted lineages either vaginal or caesarean section birth groups was detected. Our analysis further enabled unbiased assessment extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) comparison with propensity cause bloodstream infections. study highlights importance systematic surveillance pathogens, not only from disease carriage state, better inform therapies preventive medicine future.

Язык: Английский

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A panel of diverse Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates for research and development

Microbial Genomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(5)

Опубликована: Май 4, 2023

are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. In particular, strains expressing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases pose serious treatment challenges, the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate ESBL carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae as 'critical' threats human health. Research efforts combat these pathogens can be supported by accessibility diverse clinically relevant isolates for testing novel therapeutics. Here, we describe panel 100

Язык: Английский

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