The expanded Bostrychia moritziana genome unveils evolution in the most diverse and complex order of red algae

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Red algae are an ancient eukaryotic lineage that were among the first to evolve multicellularity. Although they share a common origin with modern-day plants and display complex multicellular development, comprehensive genome data from most highly evolved red algal groups remain scarce. Here, we present chromosome-level assembly of Bostrychia moritziana, seaweed in Rhodomelaceae family Ceramiales-the largest diverse order algae. Contrary view genomes typically small, report significant size expansion other Ceramiales, which represents one at least three independent events evolution. Our analyses suggest these expansions do not involve polyploidy or whole-genome duplications, but rather stem proliferation single giant Plavaka DNA transposons. Consistent its enlarged genome, has increased gene content shaped by de novo emergence amplified families providing insight into genetic adaptations underpinning this successful species-rich order. Finally, our sex-specific assemblies resolve UV sex chromosomes Bostrychia, feature expanded gene-rich sex-linked regions. Notably, each chromosome harbors amino acid loop extension homeodomain (TALE-HD) transcription factor orthologous regulators haploid-diploid transitions lineages. Together, findings offer unique perspective genomic driving diversity demonstrate how can provide evolutionary origins universal principles

Язык: Английский

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Structure of a photosystem I supercomplex from Galdieria sulphuraria close to an ancestral red alga

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(20)

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Red algae exhibit unique photosynthetic adaptations, characterized by photosystem I (PSI) supercomplexes containing light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), forming PSI-LHCI supercomplexes. In this study, we solved the structure of Galdieria sulphuraria NIES-3638 at 2.19-angstrom resolution using cryo–electron microscopy, revealing a PSI monomer core associated with seven LHCI subunits. Structural analysis uncovered absence phylloquinones, common secondary electron acceptor in organisms, suggesting adaptation to benzoquinone-like molecule. Phylogenetic suggests that G. retains traits characteristic an ancestral red alga, including distinctive binding and interaction patterns. Variations composition interactions across algae, particularly red-lineage chlorophyll / b –binding–like protein algal LHCs, highlight evolutionary divergence specialization. These findings not only deepen our understanding diversification but also enable us predict features supercomplex, providing framework explore adaptations from alga.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid development of increased neonicotinoid tolerance in non-target freshwater amphipods

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 183, С. 108368 - 108368

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2023

The comprehensive assessment of the long-term impacts constant exposure to pollutants on wildlife populations remains a relatively unexplored area ecological risk assessment. Empirical evidence suggest that multigenerational affects susceptibility organisms is scarce, and underlying mechanisms in natural environment have yet be fully understood. In this study, we first examined arthropod candidate species, Gammarus roeselii – unlike closely related species commonly occurs many contaminated river systems Central Europe. This makes it suitable study organism investigate development tolerances phenotypic adaptations along pollution gradients. 96-h acute toxicity assay with neonicotinoid thiacloprid, indeed observed successive increase tolerance coming from regions. was accompanied by certain change, increased investment into reproduction. To address question whether these changes are plastic or emerged longer lasting evolutionary processes, conducted multigeneration experiment second part our study. Here, used closely-related Hyalella azteca pre-exposed them for multiple generations sublethal concentrations thiacloprid semi-static design (one week renewal media containing 0.1 1.0 µg L-1 thiacloprid). individuals were then assays see how quickly such adaptive responses can develop. Over only two generations, almost doubled, suggesting developmental plasticity as plausible mechanism rapid adaptation strong selection factors insecticides. It discovered rapidly developed species-specific explains why which may not comparable response capabilities disappear polluted habitats. Overall, findings highlight neglected role during short- pollution. Moreover, results show even pollutant levels seven times lower than found region clear impact trajectories non-target species.

Язык: Английский

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Dollo Parsimony Overestimates Ancestral Gene Content Reconstructions

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2024

Abstract Ancestral reconstruction is a widely used technique that has been applied to understand the evolutionary history of gain and loss gene families. content can be reconstructed via different phylogenetic methods, but many current previous studies employ Dollo parsimony. We hypothesize parsimony not appropriate for ancestral inferences based on sequence homology, as derived from assumption complex character cannot regained. This premise does accurately model molecular evolution, in which false orthology result convergence or lateral transfer. The aim this study test parsimony's suitability compare its with maximum likelihood-based approach allows family gained more than once within tree. first compared performance two approaches series artificial data sets each 5,000 genes were simulated according spectrum rates without loss, so inferred deviations true count would arise only errors inference reconstruction. Next, we protein domain evolution phylogeny representing known eukaryotic diversity. observed produced numerous overestimations, especially at nodes closer root These observations led us conclusion that, confirming our hypothesis, an method homology.

Язык: Английский

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Lessons from Extremophiles: Functional Adaptations and Genomic Innovations across the Eukaryotic Tree of Life

Genome Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

From hydrothermal vents, to glaciers, deserts, research in extreme environments has reshaped our understanding of how and where life can persist. Contained within the genomes extremophilic organisms are blueprints for a toolkit tackle multitude challenges survival inhospitable environments. As new sequencing technologies have rapidly developed, so too molecular genomic mechanisms that facilitated success extremophiles. Although eukaryotic extremophiles remain relatively understudied compared bacteria archaea, an increasing number studies begun leverage 'omics tools shed light on harsh conditions. In this perspective paper, we highlight diverse breadth lineages across tree life, from microbes macrobes, collectively reshaping innovations at life's extremes. These not only advancing evolution biological processes but also offering valuable roadmap emerging be applied identify cellular adaptation cope with stressful conditions, including high low temperatures, limited water availability, heavy metal habitats. We patterns organismal discuss few promising directions, investigations into role horizontal gene transfer importance phylogenetic diversity model systems.

Язык: Английский

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