Evolution of the regulatory subunits for the heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1914)

Published: Sept. 29, 2024

The committed step for de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis is the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-coenzyme A catalysed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). In most plants, ACCase a multi-subunit complex orthologous to prokaryotes. However, unlike prokaryotes, plant and algal orthologues are comprised both catalytic additional dedicated regulatory subunits. Novel subunits, biotin lipoyl attachment domain-containing proteins (BADC) carboxyltransferase interactors (CTI) (both three-gene families in

Language: Английский

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Rapid development of increased neonicotinoid tolerance in non-target freshwater amphipods

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 108368 - 108368

Published: Dec. 3, 2023

The comprehensive assessment of the long-term impacts constant exposure to pollutants on wildlife populations remains a relatively unexplored area ecological risk assessment. Empirical evidence suggest that multigenerational affects susceptibility organisms is scarce, and underlying mechanisms in natural environment have yet be fully understood. In this study, we first examined arthropod candidate species, Gammarus roeselii – unlike closely related species commonly occurs many contaminated river systems Central Europe. This makes it suitable study organism investigate development tolerances phenotypic adaptations along pollution gradients. 96-h acute toxicity assay with neonicotinoid thiacloprid, indeed observed successive increase tolerance coming from regions. was accompanied by certain change, increased investment into reproduction. To address question whether these changes are plastic or emerged longer lasting evolutionary processes, conducted multigeneration experiment second part our study. Here, used closely-related Hyalella azteca pre-exposed them for multiple generations sublethal concentrations thiacloprid semi-static design (one week renewal media containing 0.1 1.0 µg L-1 thiacloprid). individuals were then assays see how quickly such adaptive responses can develop. Over only two generations, almost doubled, suggesting developmental plasticity as plausible mechanism rapid adaptation strong selection factors insecticides. It discovered rapidly developed species-specific explains why which may not comparable response capabilities disappear polluted habitats. Overall, findings highlight neglected role during short- pollution. Moreover, results show even pollutant levels seven times lower than found region clear impact trajectories non-target species.

Language: Английский

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Dollo Parsimony Overestimates Ancestral Gene Content Reconstructions

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4)

Published: March 22, 2024

Abstract Ancestral reconstruction is a widely used technique that has been applied to understand the evolutionary history of gain and loss gene families. content can be reconstructed via different phylogenetic methods, but many current previous studies employ Dollo parsimony. We hypothesize parsimony not appropriate for ancestral inferences based on sequence homology, as derived from assumption complex character cannot regained. This premise does accurately model molecular evolution, in which false orthology result convergence or lateral transfer. The aim this study test parsimony's suitability compare its with maximum likelihood-based approach allows family gained more than once within tree. first compared performance two approaches series artificial data sets each 5,000 genes were simulated according spectrum rates without loss, so inferred deviations true count would arise only errors inference reconstruction. Next, we protein domain evolution phylogeny representing known eukaryotic diversity. observed produced numerous overestimations, especially at nodes closer root These observations led us conclusion that, confirming our hypothesis, an method homology.

Language: Английский

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Lessons from Extremophiles: Functional Adaptations and Genomic Innovations across the Eukaryotic Tree of Life

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

From hydrothermal vents, to glaciers, deserts, research in extreme environments has reshaped our understanding of how and where life can persist. Contained within the genomes extremophilic organisms are blueprints for a toolkit tackle multitude challenges survival inhospitable environments. As new sequencing technologies have rapidly developed, so too molecular genomic mechanisms that facilitated success extremophiles. Although eukaryotic extremophiles remain relatively understudied compared bacteria archaea, an increasing number studies begun leverage 'omics tools shed light on harsh conditions. In this perspective paper, we highlight diverse breadth lineages across tree life, from microbes macrobes, collectively reshaping innovations at life's extremes. These not only advancing evolution biological processes but also offering valuable roadmap emerging be applied identify cellular adaptation cope with stressful conditions, including high low temperatures, limited water availability, heavy metal habitats. We patterns organismal discuss few promising directions, investigations into role horizontal gene transfer importance phylogenetic diversity model systems.

Language: Английский

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Algae obscura: The potential of rare species as model systems

Journal of Phycology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(2), P. 293 - 300

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Model organism research has provided invaluable knowledge about foundational biological principles. However, most of these studies have focused on species that are in high abundance, easy to cultivate the lab, and represent only a small fraction extant biodiversity. Here, we present three examples rare algae with unusual features refer as "algae obscura." The Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), Glaucophyta, Paulinella (rhizarian) lineages all transitioned out obscurity become models for fundamental evolutionary research. Insights been gained into prevalence importance eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer, early Earth microbial community dynamics, primary plastid endosymbiosis, origin Archaeplastida. By reviewing come from exploration organisms, demonstrate underappreciated potential help us formulate, refine, substantiate core hypotheses such organisms should be considered when establishing future model systems.

Language: Английский

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