Bioconjugate Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
35(11), С. 1687 - 1698
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Inflammation
within
the
brain
is
a
hallmark
of
wide
range
diseases.
The
complex
role
inflammatory
processes
in
these
conditions
suggests
that
neuroinflammation
could
be
valuable
therapeutic
target.
While
several
promising
anti-inflammatory
agents
have
been
identified,
their
clinical
application
diseases
often
hampered
by
inability
to
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
and
reach
therapeutically
effective
concentrations
at
pathological
sites.
This
limitation
highlights
urgent
need
for
BBB-penetrating
drug
delivery
systems
designed
target
inflammation.
review
critically
examines
recent
advances
over
past
five
years
strategies
aimed
mitigating
inflammation
Alzheimer's
disease
ischemic
stroke─two
leading
causes
death
disability
worldwide.
Additionally,
we
address
key
challenges
this
field,
offering
insights
into
future
directions
targeting
treatment
Abstract
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDDs)
affect
more
than
50
million
people
worldwide,
posing
a
significant
global
health
challenge
as
well
high
socioeconomic
burden.
With
aging
constituting
one
of
the
main
risk
factors
for
some
NDDs
such
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
and
Parkinson's
(PD),
this
societal
toll
is
expected
to
rise
considering
predicted
increase
in
population
limited
progress
development
effective
therapeutics.
To
address
failure
rates
clinical
trials,
legislative
changes
permitting
use
alternatives
traditional
pre‐clinical
vivo
models
are
implemented.
In
regard,
microphysiological
systems
(MPS)
organ‐on‐a‐chip
(OoC)
platforms
constitute
promising
tool,
due
their
ability
mimic
complex
human‐specific
tissue
niches
vitro.
This
review
summarizes
current
modeling
using
OoC
technology
discusses
five
critical
aspects
still
insufficiently
addressed
date.
Taking
these
into
consideration
future
MPS
will
advance
vitro
translational
value
setting.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024
Neurovascular
unit
(NVU)
inflammation
via
activation
of
glial
cells
and
neuronal
damage
plays
a
critical
role
in
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Though
the
exact
mechanism
disease
pathogenesis
is
not
understood,
certain
biomarkers
provide
valuable
insight
into
pathogenesis,
severity,
progression
therapeutic
efficacy.
These
markers
can
be
used
to
assess
pathophysiological
status
brain
including
neurons,
astrocytes,
microglia,
oligodendrocytes,
specialized
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
pericytes,
NVU,
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
disruption.
Damage
or
derangements
tight
junction
(TJ),
adherens
(AdJ),
gap
(GJ)
components
BBB
lead
increased
permeability
neuroinflammation
various
disorders
disorders.
Thus,
neuroinflammatory
evaluated
blood,
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF),
tissues
determine
neurological
progression,
responsiveness.
Chronic
common
age-related
Alzheimer's
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
dementia.
Neurotrauma/traumatic
injury
(TBI)
also
leads
acute
chronic
responses.
The
expression
some
may
altered
many
years
even
decades
before
onset
In
this
review,
we
discuss
neuroinflammation,
neurodegeneration
associated
with
disorders,
especially
those
neurovascular
pathologies.
CSF,
tissues.
Neurofilament
light
(NfL),
ubiquitin
C-terminal
hydrolase-L1
(UCHL1),
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP),
Ionized
calcium-binding
adaptor
molecule
1
(Iba-1),
transmembrane
119
(TMEM119),
aquaporin,
endothelin-1,
platelet-derived
growth
factor
receptor
beta
(PDGFRβ)
are
important
markers.
Recent
BBB-on-a-chip
modeling
offers
promising
potential
for
providing
an
in-depth
understanding
neurotherapeutics.
Integration
these
clinical
practice
could
potentially
enhance
early
diagnosis,
monitor
improve
outcomes.
Optical
filtering
is
an
indispensable
part
of
fluorescence
microscopy
for
selectively
highlighting
molecules
labeled
with
a
specific
fluorophore
and
suppressing
background
noise.
However,
the
utilization
optical
sets
increases
complexity,
size,
cost
microscopic
systems,
making
them
less
suitable
multifluorescence
channel,
high-speed
imaging.
Here,
we
present
filter-free
imaging
enabled
deep
learning–based
digital
spectral
filtering.
This
approach
allows
automatic
channel
selection
after
image
acquisition
accurate
prediction
by
computing
color
changes
due
to
shifts
presence
excitation
scattering.
Fluorescence
cells
tissues
various
fluorophores
was
demonstrated
under
different
magnification
powers.
The
technique
offers
identification
labeling
robust
sensitivity
specificity,
achieving
consistent
results
reference
standard.
Beyond
microscopy,
learning–enabled
strategy
has
potential
drive
development
other
biomedical
applications,
including
cytometry
endoscopy.
Applied Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(7), С. 3837 - 3837
Опубликована: Март 31, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder,
is
marked
by
the
abnormal
production
of
amyloid-beta
(Aβ)
fibrils,
key
biomarker
for
diagnosis
and
illness
monitoring.
Advanced
microfluidic
devices,
such
as
brain-on-a-chip
(BoC),
are
innovative
preclinical
tools
with
potential
to
revolutionize
AD
early
treatment.
However,
existing
BoCs
face
limitations,
including
challenges
in
biosensing
integration,
limited
sensitivity,
automation.
In
this
study,
we
demonstrate
feasibility
integrating
fluorescence-based
detection
Aβ
fibrils
within
platforms,
improving
efficiency
precision
analysis,
while
also
reducing
sample
volume
requirements,
application
BoC.
The
fluorescent
probe
CRANAD-2,
known
its
vivo
specificity
strong
fluorescence
response
was
first
characterized
macroscale
system
establish
baseline
performance.
These
results
were
used
guide
subsequence
experiments,
maintaining
analytical
reliability.
study
revealed
consistent
responses
linear
relationship
between
concentration
intensity
both
setups.
This
proof-of-concept
shows,
time,
optical
into
devices
detection,
offering
new
technological
tool
advancing
studies.
