Enhancing consistency in arbuscular mycorrhizal trait-based research to improve predictions of function

Mycorrhiza, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Toward harnessing biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships in fungi

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Fungi are crucial for terrestrial ecosystems, yet the role of fungal diversity in ecosystem functions remains unclear. We synthesize biodiversity and function (BEF) relationships, focusing on plant biomass production, carbon storage, decomposition, pathogen or parasite resistance. The observed BEF relationships these vary strength direction, complicating generalizations. Strong positive generally when multiple addressed simultaneously. Often, community composition outperforms species richness predicting functions. For more comprehensive research, we recommend studying natural communities, considering simultaneous a broader array guilds across spatiotemporal scales, integrating assembly concepts into research. this, propose conceptual framework testable hypotheses.

Язык: Английский

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Microbial functional diversity and redundancy: moving forward

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

Abstract Microbial functional ecology is expanding as we can now measure the traits of wild microbes that affect ecosystem functioning. Here, review techniques and advances could be bedrock for a unified framework to study microbial functions. These include our newfound access environmental genomes, collections traits, but also ability microbes’ distribution expression. We then explore technical, ecological, evolutionary processes explain patterns diversity redundancy. Next, suggest reconciling microbiology with biodiversity-ecosystem-functioning studies by experimentally testing significance redundancy efficiency, resistance, resilience processes. Such will aid in identifying state shifts tipping points microbiomes, enhancing understanding how where microbiomes guide Earth's biomes context changing planet.

Язык: Английский

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Melanized root-associated fungi: key players in plant–soil systems

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Melanized root-associated fungi are a group of that produce melanized structures and form root associations, including different mycorrhizal endophytic symbioses with plants. They pervasive across terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in the prevailing soil carbon (C) nutrient cycling syndromes through direct indirect mechanisms, where they may strongly modulate plant–microbe interactions structure microbiomes. Furthermore, can confer on plants enhanced ability to tolerate abiotic biotic stressors such as drought, extreme temperatures, heavy metals, pathogen attacks. We propose cohesive ecologically relevant grouping be indicator plant–soil system functioning, considering them will advance research interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Concurrent common fungal networks formed by different guilds of fungi

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Networks formed by fungi that link among plants have captured the imagination of scientists and wider public alike (Selosse et al., 2006; Karst 2023). This work on fungal connections plant roots has almost exclusively focused mycorrhizal fungi, with most focusing arbuscular ectomycorrhizal fungi; other groups mycorrhiza, such as ericoid mycorrhiza orchid also been studied. Reasons underpinning this focus common networks (CMNs) are quite evident: these form well-documented functionally relevant symbioses majority grow inside roots, forming symbiotic exchange interfaces (Smith & Read, 2008). A recently introduced conceptual framework (Rillig 2025) proposed a hierarchical set terms to describe links: current definition demands presence hyphal continuous links forms an uninterrupted cytoplasmic flow between at least two (Karst is special case, in reality, for which several criteria be fulfilled (Lehmann Rillig, ensure it just resource transfer via responsible any measured responses. In new framework, case referred continuity (CMN-HC). kind – involving direct or not CMNs. addition, term network (CFN) introduced, representing general linkages plants: those type filamentous fungus (not limited fungi) either indirect their mode linking (i.e. not). systematic mapping field 'common networks' revealed c. 33% experimental research data targeted but present addition 2025). These mainly studies using whole microbial communities inoculum sources network. Thus, effects CFNs already implicitly part our results, we do know about contribution studied networks. We propose here likely reality soils, rather than CMNs, more complex should future (Fig. 1). paper, build recent development results various CFNs. proposing research, adopt perspective arises from common. understood mean argue against mycocentric perspective; fungi-focused view would emphasize only small mycelia participating interactions plants. The places spotlight. believe much can gained biology ecology embracing comprehensive connections, including guilds. Given root colonizing habit factor led seems reasonable start discussion fungi. For purpose divide into functional groups, understanding differentiation fluid (Aguilar-Trigueros 2014; Selosse 2018). parasitic wide range endophytic (sensu lato, see below) colonize well. saprobic needs assessed systems, generally primarily associate found there. Collectively, refer guilds CFNs, if topics takes off, may useful designate specifically guild involved: networks, Following might even further examined/demanded (e.g. continuity) Parasitic obtain carbon host without rendering services return, ecologically important (Bever 2010) particular economic significance agricultural when they cause disease pathogenic fungi). importance alone, examined first within It clearly established infections some Fusarium, Rhizoctonia) spread (Rekah 1999; Leclerc 2013; Ampt 2022), implying temporary link. However, network, indeed persists such, appear beyond epidemiology. CFN could potentially infection dynamics: hyphae emanating one better able infect additional roots? Can finetune extraction function connection? shuffle resources suit own needs? effectively overcome defenses, defenses triggered connected hosts? Do represent means persisting through nongrowing season time year? nonhost specific interactions, strong node derives substantial amounts drive Are always acting parasitically, span parasitism–mutualism continuum? Endophytic sense include numerous types inhabit neutral positive recognizable structures, mycorrhiza. Examples clavicipitaceous endophytes (Rodriguez 2009), Sebacinales (Weiß 2011, 2016), dark septate (Jumpponen Trappe, 1998), many (Almario 2017, 2022). produce benefits feature broadly similar differentiated lack interface, expectation Some tissues rhizosphere thus documented soil colonization prioritized work. Saprobic great organic matter decomposition, seem unlikely candidates lines bit blurred different Harder 2023), frequently detected molecular tools. condition explicitly continuity, therefore entertain possibility interact neighboring By virtue transporting water (Guhr 2015), bacteria (Kohlmeier 2005), processing nutrient release (Treseder Lennon, name examples, certainly affect question becomes connect adjacent differ disconnected counterpart, where mycelium separated roots. Several scenarios underpin compared independently mycelia. situation environmental heterogeneity, important: example, there differences content, bacterial populations, concentrations pollutants, become allowing integrate across gradients. Perhaps inhibited pollutants system, supplied (carbon, water, nutrients) patch, carry out functions, mobilization matter, immobilization, greater degree what expected given local conditions. importantly, being linked larger processes microbiome? previous section, discussed possible candidate clear co-occur soil, no inherent reason why concurrently norm, formed. What does overall functioning CFNs? There complementarity If CMN suffers, example pollutant disturbance, another contribute strongly (including CMNs) shift over sites. Capturing spatiotemporal context dependence will help responses drivers, global change. Functional key buffering mechanism face challenges. encompassing all winning strategy turns CMNs always, under kinds challenges, simultaneous action multiple sum individual contributions, leading synergistic hosts linked, soil. together protection Nutrient cycling availability enhanced CSNs coexist, decomposers break down materials, releasing nutrients then taken up transferred directly host. Effects concurrent cancel each other's co-occur. level, compete access partaking connecting CPNs negatively indirectly, reducing plant's fitness, consequently co-occurring priority develop line document existence place. necessarily shown, parallel so bar high effort. envisage experiments blocks substrate meshes exclude genet plant, passing meshed compartment, second constitute sufficient initial evidence explored high-throughput sequencing spatially explicit manner mesh-compartment setup. next step testing effects; accomplished severing keeping them intact, workflows CMN-HC. plant-focused typically place, response variables included performance growth, content traits). survival variable, especially seedling stage, mortality occurs stage. soilborne processes, aggregation biodiversity equally important, metagenomics excellent tool explore fine-grained shifts gene abundances. following four challenges (new design innovations, species richness, microbiome management implications) offer thoughts how meet them. Testing interaction open chapter research. Factorial inoculating belonging method choice start. Current designs allow severed allowed, mesh dividers; meaning connection interrupted guild, other. innovations setup required test conditions interacting component disrupted other(s). spatial separation inoculation opportunities control independently. Alternatively, split chambers serve assess simultaneously, spatially, depending design, lose Aside vitro experimentation, remain significant hurdles studying field. helpful applies aimed disentangling continuity. Especially richness drastically behavior strains remarkably (Camenzind 2024). isolates use increasingly arbitrary cases. while high, relatively fewer dominant phylotypes (Egidi 2019), suggest working them, probability wide-ranging higher rarer species. hypha-associated becoming (Duan extremely members hyphosphere microbiome. Such microbiomes, presenting potential components CFNs; role mediating functions contributing await discovery. Should support consider (Jansson Management restoration currently need augmented well, transplantation approaches. adverse context) addressed. program documenting highly promising stands move science plant–fungal forward. largely phytocentric here, highlighting introducing questions. Many imported study face. biggest challenge convince researchers invest due well-established, everything outside realm constitutes risk. hope paper its impetus waters. MCR acknowledges funding European Joint Programme-Soils project 'Symbiotic Solutions Healthy Agricultural Landscapes (SOIL-HEAL)', national came German Federal Ministry Education Research (031B1266). BMB US Department Energy Systems Biology Advance Sustainable Bioenergy Crop Development (DE-FOA-0002214), Lucking Family Professorship NAU, ARCS Foundation, Presidential Fellowship Program Arizona Mushroom Society, Support Graduate Students NAU. acknowledge input reviewers editor paper. Open Access enabled organized Projekt DEAL. None declared. wrote draft, AL, IRM contributed ideas, reviewed literature added writing. AL designed figure. All authors approved final version New Phytologist Foundation remains regard jurisdictional claims maps institutional affiliations.

Язык: Английский

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Soil depth and fertilizer shape fungal community composition in a long-term fertilizer agricultural field

Applied Soil Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 207, С. 105943 - 105943

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mineral fertilization reduces the drought resistance of soil multifunctionality in a mountain grassland system through plant-soil interactions

Peer Community Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Carbon allocation shifts during fungal mycelial competition under the heat stress

Fungal ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 76, С. 101435 - 101435

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Limited role of fungal diversity in maintaining soil processes in grassland soil under concurrent fungicide stress

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2024

Abstract Background Fungicides are an effective tool for protecting crops and maintaining a steady food supply. However, as pathogens continue to evolve, it is crucial prolong the effectiveness of fungicides by delaying resistance development. A key strategy achieving this combine or rotate with different modes action. As lack specificity, they inevitably affect both pathogenic non-pathogenic fungi when surrounding environments unintentionally contaminated. Our study aims investigate effects recommended application methods prevent development, specifically repeated-single fungicide, simultaneous mixture, sequential applications on non-target soil fungi, subsequent impacts important processes. We used action microcosms inoculated at varying levels diversity (3, 5, 8 species) isolated from protected grassland. Results found that repeated treatments individual isopyrazam prothioconazole differentially inhibited fungal activity. Although mixture considered more protectant against crop pathogen than application, our revealed stronger negative saprobic consequently contrary expectations, higher did not translate improved function under these conditions. Conclusions The (MoA) has pronounced compared fungicides. These extend beyond intended control impacting beneficial microbes critical processes drive. When applied concurrently, microbial activities in significantly altered, even soils high diversity. emphasizes importance carefully considering unintended consequences fungicide use agriculture. we strive secure supply, broader environmental chemical interventions, including their overall health.

Язык: Английский

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Plants reverse the positive effect of nutrient addition on the drought resistance of soil multifunctionality

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2024

ABSTRACT Increasing droughts threaten soil microbial communities and the multiple functions they control in agricultural soils. These soils are often fertilized with mineral nutrients, but it remains unclear how this fertilization may alter capacity of multifunctionality (SMF) to be maintained under drought, plant-soil interactions shape these effects. In study, we used a mountain grassland test interactive effect nutrient (Nitrogen Phosphorous) addition drought on SMF without plants ( Lolium perenne ) mesocosm experiment. We calculated based 8 properties associated microbes store carbon (C), nitrogen (N) phosphorous (P) their biomass, process elements through organic matter depolymerization, mineralization, nitrification denitrification processes. To investigate mechanisms underlying response characterized changes stoichiometry community composition using 16S 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our results showed that decreased resistance when were present, opposite was observed unplanted soil. analysis suggested due interaction plants, influencing four coupled related high SMF: moisture, low C limitation, bacterial diversity bacteria gram positive:gram negative ratio. Altogether, our reducing use fertilizer for plant production could improve ability maintain during period. Finally, study clearly further demonstrated importance complex responses global combining stoichiometric assessment represents powerful approach disentangle mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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