Time to invest in cholera

EClinicalMedicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 80, С. 103044 - 103044

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Epidemiologic and Genomic Surveillance of Vibrio cholerae and Effectiveness of Single-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Emerging infectious diseases, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

We conducted 4 years of epidemiologic and genomic surveillance single-dose effectiveness a killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) Vibrio cholerae transmission in the Democratic Republic Congo. enrolled 1,154 patients with diarrhea; 342 those had culture-confirmed cholera. performed whole-genome sequencing on clinical water V. isolates from 200 patient households, which showed annual bimodal peaks clade AFR10e infections. A large clonal outbreak occurred 14 months after kOCV campaign >1 million doses, likely because low (9%) coverage informal settlements. Clinical collected same household were closely related, suggesting person-to-person water-to-person transmission. Single-dose 24 vaccination was 59.8% (95% CI 19.7%-79.9%), modest protection. campaigns combined water, sanitation, hygiene programs should be used to reduce disease-endemic settings worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Discovery of Diverse Prophages Located in Genomes of Vibrio spp. and Their Implications for Bacterial Pathogenicity, Environmental Fitness, Genome Evolution, Food Safety, and Public Health

Foods, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 403 - 403

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2025

Bacteria in the genus Vibrio, including at least 152 species, thrive marine and estuarine environments are frequently detected aquatic products worldwide. Of these, 12 species have been implicated human infectious diseases, such as life-threatening pandemic cholera, acute gastroenteritis, severe sepsis. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms of their pathogenesis not fully uncovered yet. Prophages found prevalent Vibrio spp. genomes, carrying a number genes with various functions. In this review, we deciphered evolutionary relationship between prophages highlighted impact on bacterial pathogenicity, environmental fitness, genome evolution, based 149 newly discovered intact located genomes 82 spp., which searched collected from Web Science Core Collection most recent 5 years. The effects resistance to superinfection, strain competition, regulation were also discussed. This review underscored crucial roles shaping implications for food safety public health.

Язык: Английский

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Implications of Climate Crisis in Southern Africa

Global power shift, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 151 - 166

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Prognostication of zooplankton-driven cholera pathoepidemiological Dynamics: Novel Bayesian-regularized deep NARX neuroarchitecture

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 192, С. 110197 - 110197

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Navigating the Cholera Elimination Roadmap in Zambia - a Scoping Review (2013-2023)

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024

Abstract Background Cholera outbreaks are increasing in frequency and severity, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia, committed to ending cholera by 2025, is coming off its most significant outbreak 2024. This review examines the perceived regression elimination efforts addressing two questions: (1) what known about Zambia; (2) main suggested mechanisms strategies further region? Methodology/Principal Findings A scoping literature search was conducted PUBMED identify relevant studies published between January 2013 June 2024 using terms ‘cholera’ ‘Zambia’. We identified 45 publications. With influence of climate change, population growth, rural-urban migration, increases magnitude expected. Major risk factors for recurrent include poor access water, sanitation, hygiene services urban unplanned settlements rural fishing villages. Interventions best planned at a decentralized, community-centric approach prevent reintroduction district level. Pre-emptive vaccination campaigns before rainy season climate-resilient WASH infrastructure also recommended. Conclusions/Significance The goal eliminate 2025 unrealistic as evidence points disease becoming endemic. Our findings confirm need align health investments with Global Roadmap Elimination 2030 through climate-focused lens. Recommendations elimination, including improved safe drinking water remain elusive many low-income settings like Zambia. Patient-level information on survival transmissibility lacking. New research tailored country-level solutions urgently required. Insights from this will be integrated into next iteration National Control Plan could applicable other countries similar settings. Article Summary Despite risks insufficient supplies, sanitation (WASH), protective effects oral vaccines, Task Force Control, there continuous increase continent. Now endemic parts it postulated that true burden country underreported due inadequate completeness data, during outbreaks. an related climatic conditions urbanization, important adopt decentralised control There continued advocate strongly multisectoral interventions aligning investments. expose gaps local literature, such how improve infrastructure, boost vaccine availability, host environmental may personal household levels being asymptomatic or dying cholera. work provides evidence-based recommendations Zambia neighbouring process developing their own plans.

Язык: Английский

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Cholera Outbreaks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in the Last Decade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(12), С. 2504 - 2504

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024

Cholera is linked to penury, making low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) particularly vulnerable outbreaks. In this systematic review, we analyzed the drivers contributing these outbreaks, focusing on epidemiology of cholera in LMICs. This review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was registered PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024591613). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Google Scholar include studies outbreaks that occurred LMICs from 1 January 2014 21 September 2024. Studies outside sporadic cases were excluded. The risk bias among included assessed using a modified Downes et al. appraisal tool. Thematic analysis used synthesize qualitative data, meta-analyses estimate pooled prevalence. From 1662 records, 95 met inclusion criteria, primarily documenting Africa (74%) Asia (26%). Contaminated water main route disease transmission. fatality prevalence 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1–1.6), detection rate suspected 57.8% 49.2–66.4). Vibrio cholerae O1 dominant serogroup while Ogawa serotype. All reporting biotypes indicated El Tor. Although isolates 100% susceptible ofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime, doxycycline, they also fully resistant amikacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, furazolidone. persistence destitute areas with limited access clean sanitation emphasizes need socioeconomic improvements, infrastructure development, ongoing surveillance support timely responses achieve long-term prevention.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio cholerae Isolates from Africa: A PulseNet Africa Initiative Using Nanopore Sequencing to Enhance Genomic Surveillance

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2024

Abstract Objectives Vibrio cholerae remains a significant public health threat in Africa, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) complicating treatment. This study leverages whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of V. isolates from Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Zambia and South Africa to assess genomic diversity, AMR profiles, virulence, demonstrating the utility WGS for enhanced surveillance within PulseNet network. Methods We analysed clinical environmental sources (2010–2024) using Oxford Nanopore hybracter assembly. Phylogenetic analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence gene detection were performed Terra, Pathogenwatch, Cloud Infrastructure Microbial Bioinformatics (CLMB) platforms, comparisons against 88 global reference genomes broader context. Results Of 79 high-quality assemblies, 67 confirmed as , serogroup O1 accounting majority (43/67, 67%). ST69 accounted 60% (40/67) isolates, eight types identified overall. Thirty-seven formed novel sub-clades AFR12 AFR15 lineages, suggesting local clonal expansions. analysis revealed high trimethoprim (96%) quinolones (83%), while azithromycin, rifampicin, tetracycline remained low (≤7%). A proportion (41/43, 95%) harboured genes at least three antibiotic classes. Conclusions highlights genetic diversity prevalence African expanding clades region. The widespread raises concerns treatment efficacy, although azithromycin remain viable options. enables precise identification species genotyping, reinforcing Africa’s pivotal role advancing enabling timely responses cholera outbreaks. Data summary All supporting data protocols have been provided article or supplementary files. ONT reads deposited under BioProject accession PRJNA1192988, spp. assemblies shared via figshare (Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer (2024). Genomic Diversity Antimicrobial Resistance Isolates Africa: Initiative Using Sequencing Enhance Surveillance. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.27941376.v1 ). Individual numbers these Biosample IDs are File S2, available online version this article. genome included our also S3 . Impact statement Cholera challenge disproportionately affecting region due ongoing transmission emergence (AMR). demonstrates Technology (ONT) providing high-resolution insights into dynamics, profiles across Africa. By generating analysing sequences, we sublineages, rates genes, traits critical pathogenesis. These findings contribute deeper understanding epidemiology evolution informing targeted intervention strategies. Furthermore, growing posed by among including key therapeutic antibiotics, such trimethoprim, which could undermine current protocols. Despite this, absence rifampicin suggests drugs may options, offering avenue preserving efficacy. research underscores importance sustained surveillance, capacity building, regional collaboration mitigate impact other foodborne pathogens. leveraging technologies training initiatives, genomics workshop, provides framework strengthening capacities detect, monitor, respond outbreaks spread AMR. efforts align Union CDC’s strategic priorities on security AMR, contributing improved systems control continent.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine: findings from epidemiological and genomic surveillance ofVibrio Choleraein the Democratic Republic of the Congo (PICHA7 Program)

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024

Abstract This study investigated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (kOCV) single-dose effectiveness and transmission dynamics of Vibrio cholerae through 4 years epidemiological genomic surveillance in Democratic Republic the Congo (DRC). Whole genome sequencing was performed on clinical water V. strains from 200 patient households found annual bimodal peaks clade AFR10e. 1154 diarrhea patients were enrolled with 342 culture confirmed patients. A large clonal outbreak occurred 18 months after a kOCV campaign >1 million doses Euvichol-Plus, likely because low coverage informal settlements (9%). Clinical same household more closely related than different suggesting both person-to-person water-to-person transmission. Single-dose first 24 month vaccination 56.9% (95% CI: 18.6%-77.2%), provided modest protection against medically attended during post-vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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Draft genomes of Aeromonas caviae from patients with cholera-like illness during the 2022–2023 cholera outbreak in Malawi

Microbiology Resource Announcements, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(10)

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

ABSTRACT Aeromonas caviae is an increasingly recognized etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis. Here, we report five draft genomes A. isolated from suspected cholera cases during the 2022–2023 outbreak in Malawi.

Язык: Английский

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