Harnessing the potential of nature-based solutions for mitigating and adapting to climate change

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 376(6600), С. 1410 - 1416

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2022

Although many governments, financial institutions, and corporations are embracing nature-based solutions as part of their sustainability net-zero carbon strategies, some nations, Indigenous peoples, local community groups, grassroots organizations have rejected this term. This pushback is fueled by (i) critical uncertainties about when, where, how, for whom effective (ii) controversies surrounding misuse in greenwashing, violations human rights, threats to biodiversity. To clarify how the scientific can help address these issues, I provide an overview recent research on benefits limits solutions, including they compare with technological approaches, highlight areas future research.

Язык: Английский

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Feasibility assessment of climate change adaptation options across Africa: an evidence-based review

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 16(7), С. 073004 - 073004

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2021

Abstract Considering the feasibility and effectiveness of adaptation options is essential for guiding responses to climate change that reduce risk. Here, we assessed African context. Using Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative, a stocktake adaptation-related from peer-reviewed literature in 2013–2020, found 827 records actions Africa. We categorised evaluated 24 each option, six dimensions were considered: economic, environmental, social, institutional, technological, evidence effectiveness. Over half (51%) all reported food sector where sustainable water management (SWM) was most option. The fewest cities (5%). majority (53%) recorded just countries: Ghana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria South Encouragingly, as medium or high 95% options. However, no had on any other dimension. Technological institutional factors present major barriers implementation. Crop management, SWM, agricultural practices, agroforestry, livelihood diversification, ecosystem governance planning, health infrastructure built environment, moderate across three more dimensions. Human migration has low but potential risk reduction. Major knowledge gaps exist environmental feasibility, assessing limits at increasing levels hazard, economic trade-offs synergies, Central Northern Our results highlight sectors enablers can be increased. Future assessments apply method established here extend findings national local levels.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding responses to climate-related water scarcity in Africa

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 806, С. 150420 - 150420

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Global concurrent climate extremes exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(10)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Increases in concurrent climate extremes different parts of the world threaten ecosystem and our society. However, spatial patterns these their past future changes remain unclear. Here, we develop a statistical framework to test for dependence show widespread temperature precipitation observations model simulations, with more frequent than expected concurrence around world. Historical anthropogenic forcing has strengthened over 56% 946 global paired regions, particularly tropics, but not yet significantly affected during 1901–2020. The high-emissions pathway SSP585 will substantially amplify strength, intensity, extent both extremes, especially tropical boreal while mitigation SSP126 can ameliorate increase high-risk regions. Our findings inform adaptation strategies alleviate impact extremes.

Язык: Английский

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Adapting agriculture to climate change via sustainable irrigation: biophysical potentials and feedbacks

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(6), С. 063008 - 063008

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

Abstract Irrigated agriculture accounts for ∼90% of anthropogenic freshwater consumption, is deployed on 22% cultivated land, and provides 40% global food production. Expanding irrigation onto currently underperforming rainfed croplands crucial to meet future demand without further agricultural expansion associated encroachment natural ecosystems. Establishing also a potential climate adaptation solution alleviate heat- water-stress crops reduce variability extremes. Despite being one the land management practices with largest environmental hydroclimatic impacts, role adapt change achieve sustainability goals has just started be quantified. This study reviews biophysical opportunities feedbacks ‘sustainable irrigation’. I describe concept sustainable expansion—where there are increase productivity over water-limited by adopting that do not deplete stocks impair aquatic may avert but create additional externalities often neglected. review highlights major gaps in analysis understanding change. implications (a) security, (b) conditions, (c) water quality, (d) soil salinization, (e) storage infrastructure, (f) energy use. These help explain challenges achieving irrigated thus point toward solutions research needs.

Язык: Английский

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The Climate Change Challenge: A Review of the Barriers and Solutions to Deliver a Paris Solution

Climate, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(5), С. 75 - 75

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have continued to grow persistently since 1750. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) entered into force in 1994 stabilize GHG emissions. Since then, the increasingly harmful impacts of global climate change and repeated scientific warnings about future risks not been enough trend enforce policy actions. This paper synthesizes challenges insofar insufficient mitigation responses via an integrated literature review. fossil industry, mainstream economic thinking, national rather than international interests, political strive for short-term interests present key barriers mitigation. A continuation such trends is reflected Dice model, leading a 3.5 °C temperature increase by 2100. Despite receiving Nobel Prize integrating long-run macroeconomic analysis increases mean temperatures overshooting 1.5 2 Paris targets imply intensified disruption human–climate system. Past delays pave way solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering solutions with largely unknown potentially dangerous side effects. argues against SRM evaluates critical decrease without targets. essential drivers are discussed through unified approach tipping points presents many economically technologically viable measures required implement them. identifies main them globally cooperative way, presenting efficient, long-term, ethical change.

Язык: Английский

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Globally unequal effect of extreme heat on economic growth

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(43)

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

Increased extreme heat is among the clearest impacts of global warming, but economic effects waves are poorly understood. Using subnational data, metrics measuring temperature hottest several days in each year, and an ensemble climate models, we quantify effect intensity on growth globally. We find that human-caused increases have depressed output most poor tropical regions least culpable for warming. Cumulative 1992-2013 losses from anthropogenic likely fall between $5 trillion $29.3 Losses amount to 6.7% Gross Domestic Product per capita year bottom income decile, only 1.5% top decile. Our results potential inform adaptation investments demonstrate how inequality both a cause consequence unequal burden change.

Язык: Английский

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Sea level rise risks and societal adaptation benefits in low-lying coastal areas

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2022

Abstract Sea level rise (SLR) will increase adaptation needs along low-lying coasts worldwide. Despite centuries of experience with coastal risk, knowledge about the effectiveness and feasibility societal on scale required in a warmer world remains limited. This paper contrasts end-century SLR risks under two warming scenarios, for four settlement archetypes (Urban Atoll Islands, Arctic Communities, Large Tropical Agricultural Deltas, Resource-Rich Cities). We show that be substantially beneficial to continued habitability most settlements over this century, at least until RCP8.5 median is reached. However, diverse locations worldwide limits course indicating situations where even ambitious cannot sufficiently offset failure effectively mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions.

Язык: Английский

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Global mapping of urban nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(4), С. 458 - 469

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation of Agriculture to Climate Change: A Scoping Review

Climate, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(10), С. 202 - 202

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2023

Since agricultural productivity is weather and climate-related fundamentally depends on climate stability, change poses many diverse challenges to activities. The objective of this study review adaptation strategies interventions in countries around the world proposed for implementation reduce impact development production at various spatial scales. A literature search was conducted June–August 2023 using electronic databases Google Scholar Scientific Electronic Library eLibrary.RU, seeking key words “climate”, “climate change”, “agriculture adaptation”. Sixty-five studies were identified selected review. negative impacts are expressed terms reduced crop yields area, biotic abiotic factors, economic losses, increased labor, equipment costs. Strategies actions that can be emphasized local regional levels are: varieties management, including land use innovative breeding techniques; water soil agronomic practices; farmer training knowledge transfer; national levels: financial schemes, insurance, migration, culture; meteorological services; R&D, early warning systems. Adaptation depend context, region, or country; limiting discussion options measures only one type approach—"top-down” “bottom-up”—may lead unsatisfactory solutions those areas most affected by but with few resources adapt it. Biodiversity-based, “ecologically intensive” agriculture, climate-smart agriculture low-impact strong ecological modernization aiming sustainably increase incomes while addressing interrelated food security. Some taken response may not sufficient even vulnerability change. Future research should focus explore readiness farmers society adopt new constraints they face, as well main factors affecting them, order detect maladaptation before it occurs.

Язык: Английский

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