Multiple elements of soil biodiversity drive ecosystem functions across biomes

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(2), С. 210 - 220

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Combatting global grassland degradation

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(10), С. 720 - 735

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Agricultural diversification promotes multiple ecosystem services without compromising yield

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(45)

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2020

Enhancing biodiversity in cropping systems is suggested to promote ecosystem services, thereby reducing dependency on agronomic inputs while maintaining high crop yields. We assess the impact of several diversification practices above- and belowground services by reviewing 98 meta-analyses performing a second-order meta-analysis based 5160 original studies comprising 41,946 comparisons between diversified simplified practices. Overall, enhances biodiversity, pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, soil fertility, water regulation without compromising Practices targeting aboveground boosted control regulation, those enhanced regulation. Most often, resulted win-win support Variability responses occurrence trade-offs highlight context outcomes. Widespread adoption shows promise contribute conservation food security from local global scales.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in naturally assembled communities

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 94(4), С. 1220 - 1245

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2019

ABSTRACT Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for functioning ecosystems. As such, a new ecological subfield on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) was born. This initially dominated by theoretical studies experiments which manipulated, responses ecosystem functions such as biomass production, decomposition rates, carbon sequestration, trophic interactions pollination were assessed. More recently, an increasing number have investigated BEF relationships non‐manipulated ecosystems, but reviews synthesizing our knowledge importance real‐world are still largely missing. I performed systematic review order to assess how drives both terrestrial aquatic, naturally assembled communities, important is compared other factors, including aspects community composition abiotic conditions. The outcomes 258 published studies, reported 726 relationships, revealed that many cases, promotes average production its temporal stability, success. For rates multifunctionality, positive effects outnumbered negative effects, neutral even more common. Similarly, prey pathogen herbivore damage less common than relationships. Finally, there no evidence related soil storage. Most focused taxonomic diversity, however, metrics functional diversity generally stronger predictors functioning. Furthermore, most factors (e.g. presence certain group) drivers per se . While suggest become at larger spatial scales, communities this idea too poorly studied draw general conclusions. In summary, high positively various functions. At same time, strength direction these vary highly among can be driving Thus, promote those underpin human well‐being, conservation should not only , also conditions favouring species with suitable trait combinations.

Язык: Английский

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Microplastic Shape, Polymer Type, and Concentration Affect Soil Properties and Plant Biomass

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2021

Microplastics may enter the soil in a wide range of shapes and polymers. However, little is known about effects that microplastics different shapes, polymers, concentration have on properties plant performance. To address this, we selected 12 representing (fibers, films, foams, fragments) mixed them each with at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4%. A phytometer (Daucus carota) grew pot during 4 weeks. Shoot, root mass, aggregation, microbial activity were measured. All increased biomass. Shoot mass by ∼27% fibers, ∼60% ∼45% ∼54% fragments, as fibers hold water for longer, films decrease bulk density, foams fragments can increase aeration macroporosity, which overall promote By contrast, all decreased aggregation ∼25% introduce fracture points into aggregates due to potential negative biota. The latter also explain with, example, polyethylene films. Our findings show shape, polymer type, are key when studying microplastic terrestrial systems.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity increases and decreases ecosystem stability

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 563(7729), С. 109 - 112

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Aridity-driven shift in biodiversity–soil multifunctionality relationships

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2021

Relationships between biodiversity and multiple ecosystem functions (that is, multifunctionality) are context-dependent. Both plant soil microbial diversity have been reported to regulate multifunctionality, but how their relative importance varies along environmental gradients remains poorly understood. Here, we relate multifunctionality across 130 dryland sites a 4,000 km aridity gradient in northern China. Our results show strong positive association species richness less arid regions, whereas diversity, particular of fungi, is positively associated with more regions. This shift the relationships or occur at an level ∼0.8, boundary semiarid climates, which predicted advance geographically ∼28% by end current century. study highlights that loss plants microorganisms may especially consequences under low high conditions, respectively, calls for climate-specific conservation strategies mitigate effects aridification.

Язык: Английский

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Making the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration a Social-Ecological Endeavour

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 36(1), С. 20 - 28

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2020

The United Nations (UN) recently declared 2021 to 2030 the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Against this background, we review recent social-ecological systems research and summarize key themes that could help improve ecosystem restoration in dynamic social contexts. relate resilience adaptability, stewardship navigation of change, relational values, coevolution human ecological systems, long-range connections, leverage points for transformation. We recommend two cross-cutting new foci; namely: (i) post hoc cross-sectional assessments projects; (ii) transdisciplinary 'living labs' accompany projects as they unfold. With global agendas increasingly taking a perspective, recasting endeavor offers exciting opportunities both practice.

Язык: Английский

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Diversifying livestock promotes multidiversity and multifunctionality in managed grasslands

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 116(13), С. 6187 - 6192

Опубликована: Март 8, 2019

Increasing plant diversity can increase ecosystem functioning, stability, and services in both natural managed grasslands, but the effects of herbivore diversity, especially livestock remain underexplored. Given that grazing is most extensive land use worldwide, managers readily change we experimentally tested how diversification (sheep, cattle, or both) influenced multidiversity (the plants, insects, soil microbes, nematodes) multifunctionality (including biomass production, leaf N P, above-ground insect abundance, nutrient cycling, C stocks, water regulation, plant–microbe symbiosis) world’s largest remaining grassland. We also considered potential dependence on multidiversity. found substantially increased by increasing The link between was always stronger than single components functions. Our work provides insights into importance multitrophic to maintain ecosystems suggests diversifying could promote an increasingly world.

Язык: Английский

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Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2020

Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential identify general macroecological patterns related distribution and functioning soil organisms support their conservation consideration by governance. These analyses need represent diversity environmental conditions that can be found worldwide. Here we characterize existing gaps in taxa data across studies 17,186 sampling sites globe. include important spatial, environmental, taxonomic, functional gaps, an almost complete absence temporally explicit data. We also limitations explore biodiversity-ecosystem relationships, with only 0.3% all having both information about biodiversity function, although different taxonomic groups functions at each site. Based on this information, provide clear priorities expand research. Soil organism contributes but function have not been equivalently studied authors locations, environment types, for which there currently lack literature.

Язык: Английский

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