Grassland soil carbon sequestration: Current understanding, challenges, and solutions

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6606), С. 603 - 608

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

Grasslands store approximately one third of the global terrestrial carbon stocks and can act as an important soil sink. Recent studies show that plant diversity increases organic (SOC) storage by elevating inputs to belowground biomass promoting microbial necromass contribution SOC storage. Climate change affects grassland modifying processes catabolism anabolism. Improved grazing management biodiversity restoration provide low-cost and/or high-carbon-gain options for natural climate solutions in grasslands. The achievable sequestration potential grasslands is 2.3 7.3 billion tons dioxide equivalents per year (CO2e year-1) restoration, 148 699 megatons CO2e year-1 improved management, 147 sown legumes pasturelands.

Язык: Английский

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Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Abstract Soil is the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon and central for climate change mitigation carbon-climate feedbacks. Chemical physical associations soil with minerals play a critical role in storage, but amount global capacity storage this form remain unquantified. Here, we produce spatially-resolved estimates mineral-associated stocks carbon-storage by analyzing 1144 globally-distributed profiles. We show that current total 899 Pg C to depth 1 m non-permafrost mineral soils. Although constitutes 66% 70% surface deeper layers, respectively, it only 42% 21% mineralogical capacity. Regions under agricultural management layers undersaturation carbon. Critically, degree indicates sequestration efficiency over years decades. that, across 103 carbon-accrual measurements spanning interventions globally, soils furthest from their are more effective at accruing carbon; rates average 3-times higher one tenth compared half Our findings provide insights into world’s soils, store carbon, priority regions actions management.

Язык: Английский

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Grassland changes and adaptive management on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(10), С. 668 - 683

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Permanent grasslands in Europe: Land use change and intensification decrease their multifunctionality

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 330, С. 107891 - 107891

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2022

Permanent grasslands cover 34% of the European Union's agricultural area and are vital for a wide variety ecosystem services essential our society. Over recent decades, permanent grassland has declined land use change continues to threaten its extent. Simultaneously, management intensity increased. We performed systematic literature review on multifunctionality in Europe, examining effects 19 service indicators. Based evidence 696 out 70,456 screened papers, published since 1980, we found that both intensification decreased multifunctionality. In particular, preventing conversion croplands secured delivery multiple services. A lower was associated with benefits biodiversity, climate regulation water purification, but impacted provision high-quality animal feed. Increasing number species sward enhanced without significant trade-offs such as losses production. Our covered many aspects use, services, also identified areas no or only few studies. The most prominent gaps were related comparisons between temporary grasslands, practices cultural values, erosion flood control. suggest that, despite apparent changes human dietary preferences, protection Europe must be prioritised. At same time, considering need reduce ruminant livestock's contribution change, time seems ripe increase support low-intensity optimise from Europe's grasslands.

Язык: Английский

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Ancient grasslands guide ambitious goals in grassland restoration

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6606), С. 594 - 598

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

Grasslands, which constitute almost 40% of the terrestrial biosphere, provide habitat for a great diversity animals and plants contribute to livelihoods more than 1 billion people worldwide. Whereas destruction degradation grasslands can occur rapidly, recent work indicates that complete recovery biodiversity essential functions occurs slowly or not at all. Grassland restoration-interventions speed guide this recovery-has received less attention restoration forested ecosystems, often due prevailing assumption are recently formed habitats reassemble quickly. Viewing grassland as long-term assembly toward old-growth endpoints, with appreciation feedbacks threshold shifts, will be crucial recognizing when how globally important ecosystem.

Язык: Английский

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Increasing contribution of microbial residues to soil organic carbon in grassland restoration chronosequence

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 170, С. 108688 - 108688

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Classification of Zambian grasslands using random forest feature importance selection during the optimal phenological period

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 135, С. 108529 - 108529

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

It is important to conduct grassland resource surveys for the scientific management of resources. Currently, remote sensing technology widely used classify land cover. The fine classification datasets grasslands with high spatial and temporal resolutions are very necessary research. In order use data conveniently, this study selected Google Earth Engine platform select 100-m resolution PROBA-V images from 2018 Zambia, in central Africa. differences normalized vegetation index time-series curves different types were combined, June October was identified as best phenological period. Using random forest feature importance selection algorithm, original indices identification grass optimized. results indicate that using optimal combination by algorithm refine improves computational efficiency an overall accuracy 83%, which 3% higher than combination. Among combinations, elevation contributes most improvement accuracy. significant producer's found (30% increase) savanna (22% increase). Adjustment appropriate periods according seasonal characteristics regions, methodology established can be easily applied other areas subsequent calculation biomass carbon storage.

Язык: Английский

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Grassland degradation-induced declines in soil fungal complexity reduce fungal community stability and ecosystem multifunctionality

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 176, С. 108865 - 108865

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2022

Soil microorganisms are major regulators of ecosystem functioning and under threat from human-induced disturbances. Among these threats is grassland degradation, which estimated to affect 49% the area worldwide, threatening biodiversity functioning. Yet, we currently lack an understanding how degradation influences belowground microbial communities, their stability, functioning, effective restoration efforts for recovery important properties. Here, assessed soil fungal network complexity a suite functions along well-characterised gradient on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, conducted accompanying microcosm experiment designed test effects stability in communities. We found that with increasing levels communities became less complex were compositionally stable when confronted drought laboratory conditions. Moreover, this degradation-induced reduction community was associated lower multifunctionality. However, multifunctionality failed recover even after ten years restoration. Our results indicate simplification can potentially impair multifunctionality, thereby highlighting need protect restore healthy grasslands • Grassland resulted drought. Degradation-induced Fungal

Язык: Английский

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Placing Brazil's grasslands and savannas on the map of science and conservation

Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56, С. 125687 - 125687

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The global wildland–urban interface

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 621(7977), С. 94 - 99

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023

Abstract The wildland–urban interface (WUI) is where buildings and wildland vegetation meet or intermingle 1,2 . It human–environmental conflicts risks can be concentrated, including the loss of houses lives to wildfire, habitat fragmentation spread zoonotic diseases 3 However, a global analysis WUI has been lacking. Here, we present map 2020 at 10 m resolution using globally consistent validated approach based on remote sensing-derived datasets building area 4 5 We show that phenomenon, identify many previously undocumented hotspots highlight wide range population density, land cover types biomass levels in different parts WUI. covers only 4.7% surface but home nearly half its (3.5 billion). especially widespread Europe (15% area) temperate broadleaf mixed forests biome (18%). Of all people living near 2003–2020 wildfires (0.4 billion), two thirds have their WUI, most them Africa (150 million). Given wildfire activity predicted increase because climate change regions 6 , there need understand housing growth patterns as drivers change.

Язык: Английский

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