Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation in rice agriculture

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(10), С. 716 - 732

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The blended future of automation and AI: Examining some long-term societal and ethical impact features

Technology in Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 73, С. 102232 - 102232

Опубликована: Март 25, 2023

The potential impacts of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) on society are receiving increased attention owing to the rapid growth these technologies during fourth industrial revolution. Thus, a detailed analysis positive implications drawbacks AI technology in human is necessary. development has created new markets employment opportunities vital industries, including transportation, health, education, environment. According experts, rapidly increasing improvements will continue. As part humankind's continual efforts create more prosperous technological growth, automation changing people's lives widely considered be game-changers variety industries. This study presents review how may affect businesses jobs. To determine some prospective long-term consequences civilisation, this investigates connected primary impacting potentials, job losses, employees' well-being, dehumanisation jobs, fear AI, examples autonomous developments, such as autonomous-vehicle challenges. A diverse methodology narrative thematic pattern was used add transdisciplinary or multidisciplinary work, particularly theoretical technologies.

Язык: Английский

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Reviews and syntheses: Arctic fire regimes and emissions in the 21st century

Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(18), С. 5053 - 5083

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2021

Abstract. In recent years, the pan-Arctic region has experienced increasingly extreme fire seasons. Fires in northern high latitudes are driven by current and future climate change, lightning, fuel conditions, human activity. this context, conceptualizing parameterizing Arctic regimes will be important for land management as well understanding predicting emissions. The objectives of review were policy questions identified Monitoring Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Group posed to its Expert on Short-Lived Climate Forcers. This synthesizes changing boreal regimes, particularly activity response change have consequences Council states aiming mitigate adapt north. conclusions from our synthesis following. (1) Current fires, adjacent region, natural (i.e. lightning) human-caused ignition sources, including fires caused timber energy extraction, prescribed burning landscape management, tourism activities. Little is published scientific literature about cultural Indigenous populations across pan-Arctic, remain source ignitions above 70∘ N Russia. (2) expected make more likely increasing likelihood weather, increased lightning activity, drier vegetative ground conditions. (3) To some extent, shifting agricultural use forest transitions forest–steppe steppe, tundra taiga, coniferous deciduous a warmer may increase decrease open biomass burning, depending addition climate-driven biome shifts. However, at country scales, these relationships not established. (4) black carbon PM2.5 emissions wildfires 50 65∘ larger than anthropogenic sectors residential combustion, transportation, flaring. Wildfire 2010 2020, 60∘ N, with 56 % 2020 attributed – indicating how wildfire season was severe seasons can potentially be. (5) What works zones prevent fight work Arctic. Fire need climate, economic development, local communities, fragile ecosystems, permafrost peatlands. (6) Factors contributing uncertainty quantifying include underestimation satellite systems, lack agreement between Earth observations official statistics, still needed refinements location, previous return intervals peat landscapes. highlights that much research order understand regional impacts regime global communities.

Язык: Английский

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How much do we know about trade-offs in ecosystem services? A systematic review of empirical research observations

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 806, С. 151229 - 151229

Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2021

Язык: Английский

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The Science of Literature Reviews: Searching, Identifying, Selecting, and Synthesising

Publications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1), С. 2 - 2

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

The ability to conduct an explicit and robust literature review by students, scholars or scientists is critical in producing excellent journal articles, academic theses, dissertations working papers. A evaluation of existing research works on a specific topic, theme subject identify gaps propose future agenda. Many postgraduate students higher education institutions lack the necessary skills understanding in-depth reviews. This may lead presentation incorrect, false biased inferences their theses dissertations. study offers scientific knowledge how reviews different fields could be conducted mitigate against such as unscientific analogies baseless recommendations. presented process that involves several activities including searching, identifying, reading, summarising, compiling, analysing, interpreting referencing. We hope this article serves reference material improve rigour chapters students’ prompts established explore more innovative ways through which can (empirical, knowledge, theoretical, methodological, application population gap)

Язык: Английский

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Exploring degrowth policy proposals: A systematic mapping with thematic synthesis

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 365, С. 132764 - 132764

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2022

Degrowth – the planned and democratic reduction of production consumption as a solution to social-ecological crises is slowly making its way sphere policy-making. But there problem: proposals are scattered through voluminous literature, it difficult for decision-makers pinpoint concrete changes associated with idea degrowth. To address this issue, we conducted systematic mapping degrowth literature from 2005 2020 using RepOrting standards Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) methodology. Out total 1166 texts (articles, books, book chapters, student theses) referring degrowth, identified 446 that include specific policy proposals. This counting policies led grand 530 (50 goals, 100 objectives, 380 instruments), which makes most exhaustive agenda ever presented. render toolbox more accessible, divided into in 13 themes food, culture education, energy environment, governance geopolitics, indicators, inequality, finance, consumption, science technology, tourism, trade, urban planning, work systematically difference between instruments. Following this, assess precision, frequency, quality, diversity agenda, reflecting on how has been evolving until today.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Abstract Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess effectiveness reducing using rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 schemes, find that introducing price has yielded immediate substantial emission for at least 17 these policies, despite low level prices most instances. Statistically significant range between –5% –21% (–4% –15% after correcting publication bias). Our study highlights critical evidence gaps with regard dozens unevaluated elasticity reductions. More rigorous synthesis other climate policies is required outcomes advance our understanding “what works” accelerate learning solutions

Язык: Английский

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Sample Sizes for 10 Types of Qualitative Data Analysis: An Integrative Review, Empirical Guidance, and Next Steps

International Journal of Qualitative Methods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

There has been a recent explosion of articles on minimum sample sizes needed for analyzing qualitative data. The purpose this integrated review is to examine literature 10 types data analysis (5 saturation and 5 common methods). Building established reviews expanding new methods, our findings extract the following size guidelines: theme (9 interviews; 4 focus groups), meaning (24 8 theoretical (20–30+ interviews), metatheme (20–40 interviews per site), in salience (10 exhaustive free lists); two methods where power determines size: classical content (statistical analysis) (information power); three with little or no guidance: reflexive thematic analysis, schema ethnography (current guidance indicates 50–81 documents 20–30 may be adequate). Our highlights areas which extant does not provide sufficient guidance—not because it epistemologically flawed, but yet comprehensive nuanced enough. To address this, we conclude by proposing ways researchers can navigate contribute complex estimates.

Язык: Английский

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Monolingual searches can limit and bias results in global literature reviews

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(3), С. 264 - 264

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Environmental modelling of building stocks – An integrated review of life cycle-based assessment models to support EU policy making

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 151, С. 111550 - 111550

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2021

Various environmental challenges, particularly the rising severity of impacts climate change, require a systematic shift in and decarbonization global economy. Due to their high impacts, buildings construction have special role decarbonization. Environmental modelling building stock dynamics can help policy makers inform decision making. This study presents review both latest scientific literature on stocks related EU initiatives. Our findings illuminate strengths limitations existing approaches as well potential such required directions for future development provide effective support. Based assessment 104 papers, our shortlisted analysed 22 approaches. While promising, these show various effectiveness supporting efforts while avoiding burden shifting. Future models should offer extended system boundaries comprehensive life cycle assessment, improved hotspot analysis impact monitoring across spatiotemporal scales. A long-term perspective entire covering other is needed, outlined standards. By linking studies objectives, we identify that investigate scenarios strategies relevant highlight research gaps. enable scales emphasize multiple ensure compliance with targets minimization trade-offs.

Язык: Английский

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