Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2023
Язык: Английский
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025
Air pollution impacts on human health are of serious concern in northern India, and over the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) particular. The Kharif crop residue burning (CRB) is often blamed for degradation Delhi-NCR's seasonal air quality. However, concentration fine particulate matter (PM2.5) remained stable Delhi, while fire detection counts (FDCs) from satellites Punjab Haryana declined by 50% or more during 2015–2023. We measured PM2.5, carbon monoxide (CO) related parameters Delhi-NCR, a network 30 low-cost sensors (CUPI-Gs) selected period (September–November) 2022 2023. Measured PM2.5 showed lower 2023 compared to at sites, compliance with FDC reductions. Using CUPI-G measurements, airmass trajectories, particle dispersion chemical-transport model simulations, we show that CRB emissions contributed only meagre ~14% overall Delhi-NCR October-November 2022. This indicates there exists very weak coupling between mass Punjab, highlighting effectiveness Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) controlling region.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(7), С. 073007 - 073007
Опубликована: Май 13, 2024
Abstract Air pollution is the most difficult challenge India facing today, and anthropogenic biomass burning (ABB) one of major least understood sources, leading to serious health climate implications by affecting air quality, visibility, atmospheric chemistry, Earth’s radiation budget biogeochemical cycling. Scientific understanding composition, chemistry regional dynamics (BB) emissions still limited, thus constraining implementation appropriate research policy interventions. The broad categories, associated complex spatio-temporal variations ABB in are discussed here. Major types that prevalent year-round all over include BB for cooking, heating purposes open waste burning. Moreover, crop residue (CRB) Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) during pre- (April–May) post-monsoon (October–November) seasons, CRB South January–February, forest fires Central slash-and-burn agriculture Northeast March–May other dominant sources active specific months regions. Over IGP, along with episodic events stagnant meteorology result severe quality poor visibility (<∼300 m) reported daily mean PM 2.5 concentrations shooting up 15 times higher than Pollution Control Board standards. When compared wheat burning, fire counts paddy events. During winters, BB’s contribution 37% aerosol oxidative potential Delhi indicates its implications. Meta-analysis data obtained from representative source apportionment studies on 10 shows >24% Assam, Ahmedabad, Kanpur Visakhapatnam, 20%–24% Patiala Kolkata, 10%–14% Delhi. With regard , contributions Ahmedabad Agra, 15%–19% Delhi, Mumbai Kolkata reported, while 1 contributed 19%–24% Kanpur, Assam <10% Observed composition call region-specific solutions through airshed-based management.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 913, С. 169773 - 169773
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 172, С. 117614 - 117614
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
7
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 315, С. 102903 - 102903
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023
The respiratory tract is one of the most accessible ones to exogenous nanoparticles, yet drug delivery by their means it made extraordinarily challenging because plexus aerodynamic, hemodynamic and biomolecular factors at cellular extracellular levels that synergistically define safety efficacy this process. Here, use inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) for inhalable diagnostics therapies lung viewed through prism history studies on interaction INPs with lower tract. conceptually methodologically innovative illuminative are referred in chronological order, as they were reported literature, trends progress understanding immense therapeutic toxicological significance being deduced from it. outstanding actual delineated include diminishment toxicity via surface functionalization, cell targeting, tagging tracking controlled binding uptake, hybrid INP treatments, magnetic guidance, combined gene delivery, adjuvants vaccines, other. Many understudied research directions, which have been accomplished nanostructured organic polymers pulmonary niche, discussed. or therapeutics has hampered well-recognized inflammatory potential However, annual numbers rise throughout past two decades, suggesting a prolific direction research, its comparatively poor commercial takings notwithstanding. Still, lack consensus effects many compositions low but therapeutically effective doses, plethora contradictory reports ostensibly identical chemical NP properties, cases antagonism combinatorial treatments imply rational design medical devices based must rely qualitative principles part embrace partially stochastic approach well. At same time, fact studied applications those some thickest records toxicity, e.g., carbon, silver, gold, silica iron oxide, silent call expansion search new territories.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
15
The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 907, С. 168028 - 168028
Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14
Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(4), С. 2423 - 2441
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024
Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) is a major source of aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei in the troposphere, playing an important role both air quality climate. Frequent NPF events have been observed heavily polluted urban environments, contributing to number concentration by significant amount. The Po Valley region northern Italy has characterized as hotspot for high loadings frequent southern Europe. However, mechanisms growth this are not completely understood. In study, we conducted continuous 2-month measurement campaign with state-of-the-art instruments elucidate Italy. Our results demonstrate that (66 % all days during campaign) primarily driven abundant sulfuric acid (8.5×106 cm−3) basic molecules area. contrast, oxygenated organic from atmospheric oxidation volatile compounds (VOCs) appear play minor initial cluster but contribute significantly consecutive process. Regarding alkaline molecules, amines insufficient stabilize clusters Valley. Ion measurements kinetic models suggest ammonia (10 ppb) must therefore also nucleation Generally, rates sub-2 nm (87 cm−3 s−1) nucleation-mode (5.1 h−1) well relatively low condensational sink (8.9×10-3 will result survival probability newly formed particles, making crucial springtime budget. indicate reducing key pollutants, such SO2, amine NH3, could help substantially decrease concentrations region.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(18), С. 10279 - 10304
Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024
Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) are major constituents of smog. Delhi experiences severe smog during the post-monsoon season, but a quantitative understanding VOCs PM sources is still lacking. Here, we conduct source apportionment study for using recent (2022), high-quality dataset 111 VOCs, PM2.5, PM10 in positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. Contrasts between clean monsoon air polluted air, VOC fingerprints, molecular tracers enabled us to differentiate paddy residue burning from other biomass-burning sources, which had previously been impossible. Burning fresh residue, as well residential heating waste burning, contributed most observed levels (25 % 23 %, respectively) PM2.5 (23 24 respectively), followed by heavy-duty vehicles fuelled compressed natural gas (CNG), with contribution 15 11 %. For ambient ozone formation potential, secondary-organic-aerosol (SOA) top were petrol four-wheelers (20 25 30 two-wheelers (14 12 20 industrial emissions (12 14 solid-fuel-based cooking (10 10 8 road construction (8 6 9 respectively). Emission inventories tended overestimate biofuel at least factor 2 relative PMF output. The pollution was regional biomass while traffic industries governed secondary-pollutant formation. Our novel method even quantitatively resolved similar fossil fuel offering insights into both affecting extreme events. This approach represents notable advancement compared current approaches, it could be great relevance future studies cities regions world complex mixtures.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
3
Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
In the context of global warming, biomass energy is gaining popularity due to its perceived carbon neutrality. However, pollutants emitted during combustion and associated human health concerns are often overlooked. The increased frequency heatwaves wildfires contributes significantly dioxide particulate matter (PM) emissions, posing substantial risks public health. Furthermore, greening high-latitude regions as a result warming has availability for local use. incomplete this can lead indoor air pollution heightened risks. Additionally, more frequent cold waves increase demand space heating, leading household burning, which raises exposure risks, especially in low- middle-income countries. It is, therefore, essential focus on with particularly from pathways not typically emphasized warming.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0
Atmospheric Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 121186 - 121186
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
0