Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
546, С. 111572 - 111572
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022
The
role
of
the
intestinal
microbiota
as
a
regulator
gut-brain
axis
signalling
has
risen
to
prominence
in
recent
years.
Understanding
relationship
between
gut
microbiota,
metabolites
it
produces,
and
brain
will
be
critical
for
subsequent
development
new
therapeutic
approaches,
including
identification
novel
psychobiotics.
A
key
focus
this
regard
have
been
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
produced
by
bacterial
fermentation
dietary
fibre,
which
include
butyrate,
acetate,
propionate.
Ongoing
research
is
focused
on
entry
SCFAs
into
systemic
circulation
from
lumen,
their
migration
cerebral
across
blood
barrier,
potential
exert
acute
chronic
effects
structure
function.
This
review
aims
discuss
our
current
mechanistic
understanding
direct
indirect
influence
that
function,
behaviour
physiology,
inform
future
microbiota-targeted
interventions
disorders.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
99(4), С. 1877 - 2013
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019
The
importance
of
the
gut-brain
axis
in
maintaining
homeostasis
has
long
been
appreciated.
However,
past
15
yr
have
seen
emergence
microbiota
(the
trillions
microorganisms
within
and
on
our
bodies)
as
one
key
regulators
function
led
to
appreciation
a
distinct
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
This
is
gaining
ever
more
traction
fields
investigating
biological
physiological
basis
psychiatric,
neurodevelopmental,
age-related,
neurodegenerative
disorders.
brain
communicate
with
each
other
via
various
routes
including
immune
system,
tryptophan
metabolism,
vagus
nerve
enteric
nervous
involving
microbial
metabolites
such
short-chain
fatty
acids,
branched
chain
amino
peptidoglycans.
Many
factors
can
influence
composition
early
life,
infection,
mode
birth
delivery,
use
antibiotic
medications,
nature
nutritional
provision,
environmental
stressors,
host
genetics.
At
extreme
diversity
diminishes
aging.
Stress,
particular,
significantly
impact
at
all
stages
life.
Much
recent
work
implicated
gut
many
conditions
autism,
anxiety,
obesity,
schizophrenia,
Parkinson’s
disease,
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Animal
models
paramount
linking
regulation
fundamental
neural
processes,
neurogenesis
myelination,
microbiome
activation
microglia.
Moreover,
translational
human
studies
are
ongoing
will
greatly
enhance
field.
Future
focus
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
attempt
elucidate
microbial-based
intervention
therapeutic
strategies
for
neuropsychiatric
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
11(7), С. 1613 - 1613
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2019
The
gut
microbiome
plays
an
important
role
in
human
health
and
influences
the
development
of
chronic
diseases
ranging
from
metabolic
disease
to
gastrointestinal
disorders
colorectal
cancer.
Of
increasing
prevalence
Western
societies,
these
conditions
carry
a
high
burden
care.
Dietary
patterns
environmental
factors
have
profound
effect
on
shaping
microbiota
real
time.
Diverse
populations
intestinal
bacteria
mediate
their
beneficial
effects
through
fermentation
dietary
fiber
produce
short-chain
fatty
acids,
endogenous
signals
with
roles
lipid
homeostasis
reducing
inflammation.
Recent
progress
shows
that
individual's
starting
microbial
profile
is
key
determinant
predicting
response
intervention
live
probiotics.
complex
challenging
characterize.
Enterotypes
been
proposed
using
metrics
such
as
alpha
species
diversity,
ratio
Firmicutes
Bacteroidetes
phyla,
relative
abundance
genera
(e.g.,
Bifidobacterium,
Akkermansia)
versus
facultative
anaerobes
(E.
coli),
pro-inflammatory
Ruminococcus,
or
nonbacterial
microbes.
Microbiota
composition
bacterial
are
linked
physiologic
along
different
axes.
We
review
diet
quality,
carbohydrate
intake,
fermentable
FODMAPs,
prebiotic
maintaining
healthy
flora.
implications
discussed
for
various
including
obesity,
diabetes,
irritable
bowel
syndrome,
inflammatory
disease,
depression,
cardiovascular
disease.
